Physical Chemistry: Equations and Important Facts

Atoms, Molecules, and Quantum Mechanics Avogadro’s number = 6.022 × 1023 Cations are smaller than the original ions; anions are larger than the original ions Five periodic trends Ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity increase from left to right, bottom to top Atomic radius and metallic character increase from right to left, top to bottom…

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory

Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory is a model in chemistry used to predict the shape of individual molecules based upon the extent of electron-pair electrostatic repulsion. It is also named Gillespie-Nyholm theory after its two main developers. The premise of VSEPR is that the valence electron pairs surrounding an atom mutually repel each…