There are 92 naturally occurring elements; only 17 of them make up 99.5% of the earth’s crust (including oceans and atmosphere). In living things (plants, animals, people) the six most abundant elements are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. The universe is dominated by the elements hydrogen (83%) and helium (16%) 1. The Crust…
Oxygen and its compounds play a key role in many of the important processes of life and industry. Oxygen in the biosphere is essential in the processes of respiration and metabolism, the means by which animals derive the energy needed to sustain life. Furthermore, oxygen is the most abundant element at the surface of the…
A biological macromolecule is defined as a large molecule made up of smaller organic molecules, known as monomers. There are four classes of biological macromolecules, one of them being carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are made of three base elements; Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. There are three different classes of carbohydrates; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and…
Function: ▪ synthesize and release hormones permitting them to act in concert and respond to changes in the body and maintain stability (homeostasis) ▪ Example organs – thyroid, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), adrenal glands, pituitary gland Tools: – hormones * chemicals released by cells in one part of the body that affect cells in other…
Nitrogen is required by living things to: 1. make proteins, become enzymes and make up the structures of living things 2. make nucleic acids that become DNA, the hereditary material of living things – 80% of the air around us is nitrogen gas (N2) but N2 cannot be used by most living things – N2…
Matter makes up everything, everywhere. All matter, both living and non-living, is composed of miniature chemical building blocks called atoms. Your body contains billions of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and carbon atoms. What is life? What does it mean to be alive? How is something made “living”? There is no universal agreement on what…
Functions: 1. transport oxygen and carbon dioxide 2. distribute nutrients and transport of wastes 3. maintenance of body temperatures 4. circulation of hormones Structure: Made up of three components: 1. A fluid in which materials are transported (blood) 2. vessels in which the fluid moves (blood vessels) 3. a pump (the heart) Circulatory system is…