PURPOSE The purpose of this lab is to quantitatively investigate how the mass of a coil spring and the length of a pendulum affect the period of oscillation of a system experiencing simple harmonic motion. In this lab, I will establish a mathematical connection between the period and these variables through the execution of this…
Introduction: Unless you’re a coin collector, you probably think all United States pennies are pretty much the same. To the casual observer, all the pennies in circulation do seem to be identical in size, thickness, and composition. But just as elements have one or more isotopes with different masses, the pennies in circulation have different…
In this experiment, you will determine the mass percent of carbon produced in the decomposition of sodium bicarbonate produced from the following chemical equation: Reacting sodium bicarbonate (sodium hydrogen carbonate) with sulfuric acid will produce a salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas. According to the Law of Definite Composition, the mass percentage of carbon produced…
Purpose: To find the specific heat capacity of a substance Principle: According to the principle of thermal energy exchange, when thermal energy is transferred from a warmer object to a colder object, the amount of thermal energy released by the warmer object is equal to the amount of thermal energy absorbed by the colder object.…
Comparing the refractive index of a medium with its critical angle PURPOSE This lab was conducted to prove a relationship between the critical angle and index of refraction of a ray of light passing through a denser medium to air. QUESTION How does the critical angle vary across media with different refractive indices? BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE…
Introduction Catalysis is the acceleration of a chemical reaction by a substance called a catalyst. Enzymes increase the reaction rate, causing the reaction to make more product. Proteins are large, complex molecules composed of chains of amino acids. The three-dimensional structure of a protein is critical to its function, as it determines how the protein…
Abstract: The Law of Conservation of Mass is an important principle to the scientific community and the world of chemistry. The objective of this lab was to verify if this law holds true. This law is beneficial in chemistry as it allows us to predict the final products of a chemical reaction. In this lab,…
Purpose To understand the nature of projectile motion launched horizontally as well as launched at an angle. Introduction In horizontally launched projectiles, vertical velocity Vy is zero and g is 9.8 m/s2. If we know the vertical height of the launching position d, we can calculate time of flight using the equation d = Vyt…
Method A: Clinometer Measurements and Calculations: Procedure 1. Choose a tree and stand at a distance away from the tree where the top of the tree can be seen 2. Direct Clinometer towards the top of the Tree from the height of the eye 3. Record the angle observed while staying stationary from the…
Data Table Material Mass (g) Empty labelled beaker 108.43g Copper (II) chloride dihydrate; CuCl2 · 2H2O 4.98g Iron (steel wool); Fe (s) 1.02g Beaker containing clean, dry copper 110.02g Analysis a. Identify the precipitate that was formed in the reaction : Fe (s) + CuCl2 (aq) → Cu (s) +…
Purpose: To critically explore how osmosis occurs within a semi-permeable membrane with a variety of concentrations of sugar solutions. Hypothesis: If the 20% concentrated sucrose solution is placed in distilled water, then the weight of the dialysis bag will increase because the fluid within the dialysis bag is hypertonic to the environment. Thus, they will…
INTRODUCTION Sodium polymethacrylate is an example of a condensation polymer. On its own, it is tightly wound and appears like a granule of sugar. The monomer of sodium polymethacrylate is shown below. When water is added, the polymethacrylate will absorb the water through osmosis. As a result, hydrogen bonds with the oxygen in water. As…
Introduction This lab is an experiment involving thermodynamics that aims to determine the enthalpy change of a chemical reaction through calorimetry. Enthalpy is a thermodynamic quantity that is related to the amount of heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction. Hess’s law is based on the principle that the enthalpy change of a chemical…
Purpose: To calculate the percentage of H2O2 in a bottle of drugstore hydrogen peroxide by titrating with a standardized potassium permanganate solution. Background: Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, is easily oxidized. It is used in commercial bleaching processes and wastewater treatment plants as an environmentally friendly alternative to chlorine. Dilute solutions of H2O2 are used to bleach…
Methyl salicylate C6H4 (HO) COOCH3, also known as salicylic acid methyl ester, oil of wintergreen, is a natural product of many species of plants. Methyl salicylate may be used by plants as a pheromone to warn other plants of pathogens such as tobacco mosaic virus. Methyl salicylate is used in deep heating liniments and in…
Hess’s Law is an advantageous concept in thermodynamics which states that regardless of the multiple steps or stages in a reaction, the total enthalpy change for a reaction will always be the total sum of all enthalpy changes. The heat created during a combustion reaction is measured by the enthalpy of combustion per mole of…
Former US President, Barack Obama once said, “We are the first generation to feel the effect of climate change and the last generation who can do something about it.” Since the 19th century, the average global temperature has risen by over 2 degrees Fahrenheit. This number seems small but in reality, this increase in temperature…
Cornstarch: Upon adding 2 mL of cornstarch to the mixture, a visible change was observed. The mixture exhibited a significant increase in volume and took on a snow-like appearance, becoming more puffy. Stirring the mixture with a stirring rod gradually transformed the mixture’s color into a clear opaque white. Sugar: The addition of 2 mL…
Mercury: Venus: Earth: Mars: Jupiter: Saturn: Uranus: Neptune: Bibliography 1815. “10 Interesting Facts About Mars.” Universe Today, 4 Apr. 2016, www.universetoday.com/14853/interesting-facts-about-planet-mars. Choi, Charles. “Planet Mercury: Facts About the Planet Closest to the Sun.” Space.Com, 14 Oct. 2017, www.space.com/36-mercury-the-suns-closest-planetary-neighbor.html. Mars.Nasa.Gov. “Mars Facts.” NASA’s Mars Exploration Program, mars.nasa.gov/all-about-mars/facts Accessed 13 May 2021. Matt Williams “Ten Interesting Facts…
Introduction The universe is built upon chemical reactions. There are simply so many chemical reactions that change how we live, from the nuclear reactions in the Sun, to photosynthesis and digestion. Although every chemical reaction known is important for human survival, there are many types of chemical reactions ranging from nuclear to combustion. A single…