In the realm of science, forensic dentistry is fast expanding its space. Forensic odontology is a specialized field of dentistry that analyses dental evidence in the interest of justice. It has been established as an indispensable science in medico-legal matters and identifying the mutilated, unknown dead person. Various methods have been developed to determine age, sex,…
Introduction Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon dioxide In the absence of oxygen, enzymes from microorganisms break down sugars through the chemical process called fermentation. Because they possess distinctive sets of metabolic genes, microorganisms like bacteria and fungi can develop enzymes that can break down various kinds of sugar compounds. Therefore, the flavor of fermented food…
Introduction: Acid rain has an acidity of around 4, which is 1000 times more acidic than normal rain. When humans burn fossil fuels, sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are released into the atmosphere. Those air pollutants react with water, oxygen, and other substances to form airborne sulfuric and nitric acid. Winds may spread…
Most Bacteria are more beneficial to living things than simply causing diseases. Bacteria are single-celled, or simple, organisms that are invisible to the naked eye. Many bacteria are found both inside and outside of organisms, including humans. Bacteria are also found on surfaces and in substances like water, soil, and food, making them key players…
Humans lose hair, sight, teeth, and muscles with age. Hearing is not any different. There are many reasons people lose their hearing ability as they age. Normal wear and tear are one of the reasons people’s hearing abilities decrease with age, damaging, breaking, and wearing out of hair cells. Sometimes the cells just die. The…
Introduction Ernest Rutherford was a New Zealand chemist and physicist. He is known as the father of nuclear physics because of his discovery of the nuclear structure of an atom. This is the discovery that will be explained in this report. This wasn’t his only discovery. He also discovered the concept of radioactive decay (half-lives),…
INTRODUCTION Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms that belong to the fungal kingdom. When yeasts consume sugar and convert it to energy, they emit carbon dioxide, this is referred to as fermentation. The yeast will be more active and develop faster if there is more sugar present. While sugar and other sweets provide “food” for yeast,…
INTRODUCTION: Bath bombs consist of a wide range of ingredients, including bath salts, food coloring, fragrance, citric acid, sodium carbonate, and other components. Bath bombs ‘fizz’ when water inclines to trigger a reaction between an acid and a base (neutralizing substance). Many bath bombs contain citric acid, and sodium carbonate, which incline to have a…
ENZYMES AND METABOLISM Chemical reaction – a process that changes/transforms one set of chemicals into another. Chemical reactions always involve changes in the chemical bonds that join atoms in compounds. Reactants – elements that begin/enter the chemical reaction Products – elements that are produced by chemical reaction Energy may be either released or absorbed during…
HABITAT AND GEOGRAPHIC RANGE The Sea Nymph can be found all along the Australian coastline from the Exmouth Gulf in the north-west of Australia through to Victoria. The grass usually grows within a depth of 27 metres in the littoral and sublittoral zones (areas close to the shore affected by breaking waves and tidal currents)…
HABITAT AND GEOGRAPHIC RANGE Fur Seals are found all throughout the Southern Ocean around Australia and New Zealand, as well as parts of the Pacific and Indian Ocean coasts and islands in the subantarctic. They prefer rocky or boulder-strewn beaches, often on islands, that are somewhat secluded from humans. They occasionally venture to more vegetated…
Species A Species B Species C 11 21 31 12 21 37 13 22 40 15 18 44 16 18 43 12 25 42 15 27 40 17 29 42 16 20 30 15 26 38 Calculate the Shannon’s Diversity Index along with the Simpson’s Diversity Index for Species A, Species B and Species C…
Introduction Yeast is commonly known as a baking material for making bread and beer. However, under biological jargon it is a group of eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms that makes up almost 1% of all fungal species.1 They are found in soils and on plant surfaces, like flower nectar and fruits, and they reproduce asexually through budding.…
Water is one of the most crucial sources for life on Earth, often causing problems when at lack. Local economic, environmental, and social conflicts are caused by water scarcity. Such conflicts derive from the economic benefits for the company, water privatization, by companies such as Nestle – Nestle Pure Life (bottled water). These big companies…
Introduction The Yangtze River, or “Child of the ocean” is the longest river in both China and Asia, as well as the third-longest river in the world. The river measures about 6,300 kilometers, with its glacial meltwaters extending from the Tanggula Mountains in Tibet to the East China Sea near the city of Shanghai, and…
Background information: Photosynthesis is the process in which plants go through to produce energy in the form of glucose required to survive. It is a chemical reaction that involves the use of carbon dioxide, water, and light. This process of photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts that are found in the leaves of the plant.…
Property Metals Nonmetals Metalloids Luster Metals reflects light from their surface and can be polished for example in gold, silver and copper. Nonmetals does not reflect light. They are not lustrous. Malleability Metals can withstand hammering and can be shaped into thin sheets such as foils. Nonmetals are non-malleable. Metalloids are not malleable. Ductility Metals…
Colour blindness is a condition which occurs when people are unable to see colours normally or not at all. There are many forms of colour blindness, the two most common being red-green colour blindness and blue-yellow colour blindness. A person with normal colour vision could probably see about 1-10 million distinct colours, whereas a colour-blind…
Anatomy: There are two main sections to the ear the central and the peripheral hearing parts. The peripheral hearing parts consist of the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear contains the pinna/auricle, the eardrum, and the ear canal. The middle ear is a small space filled with air, that contains 3 tiny bones…
Introduction During a grip motion, the skeletal muscles in the arm and hand are used to generate and maintain the grip (Schoenfeld, 2012). Figure 1 shows the muscles, including the deltoids, triceps, biceps, and palmar muscles, that are involved in controlling movement and strength in the hand. Motor functions are controlled directly by the CNS…