Utilitarian Justification– conservation of nature is important because the environment, ecosystem, habitat, or species provides individuals (aka humans) with direst economic benefits. Ecological Justification– conservation of nature is based on the knowledge that a species, ecological community, ecosystem, or the Earth’s biosphere provides specific function necessary to the persistence of our life. Aesthetic Justification– conservation…
1) There appears to be a negative correlation between the tree ring growth and the average temperature for each year. As the temperature declines the average tree ring growth becomes much more substantial and vice versa when the temperature increases. Examples of this correlation can be seen at several yearly intervals such as: High Tree…
Introduction Eratosthenes, a Greek geographer (about 276 to 194 B.C.), made a surprisingly accurate estimate of the Earth’s circumference. The legend follows that Eratosthenes used a deep vertical well near Syene, in southern Egypt which was entirely lit up by the sun at noon once a year as the basis of his calculations. He reasoned…
Around 190 million years ago, Pangaea began to break up. The breakup resulted in two landmasses: Laurasia, the northern group of continents, and Gondwanaland, the southern group of continents; Gondwanaland included South America, Antarctica, Australia, Africa, and India. Breakups! North America: 130 mya Australia: 50 mya India: 90 mya Europe: 30 mya Antarctica: 50 mya…
Entropy, S, is the tendency towards randomness or disorder in a system – an ordered arrangement of particles has a lower entropy/disorder than the same number of particles in random arrangements Entropy becomes more disordered with: 1.) ^ Temperature – more chaotic motion 2.) ^ Volume of gases 3.) change in phys. State A change…
lac Operon Model Regulates production of enzyme B-galactosidase which is needed to break down lactose. It consists of a cluster of 3 genes under the control of one promoter and one operator. When lactose levels are low the LacI repressor protein binds to lac operator, covering part of the promoter region which blocks transcription of…
The laboratory is a safe place to experiment if you are careful and familiar with all the equipment. You must assume responsibility for the safety of yourself and your neighbours. This paper outlines the steps to use for safety and first aid in this classroom. Student bags or backpacks and coats are not permitted in…
Indices of Refraction for Various Media: Medium Index of Refraction (n) Air/vacuum 1.00 Ice 1.31 Water 1.33 Ethyl alcohol 1.36 Vegetable oil 1.47 Acrylic 1.49 Glass 1.52 Diamond 2.42 1. Using Snell’s law, determine the constant when the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction are: a) 50˚ and 30˚ b) 30˚ and 18˚ …
Nucleic acids are the storage form of all the genetic information required by a cell. They also are the cell’s preferred energy molecule ATP as well as acting as being used as intermediate electron carrier molecules in cellular respiration in the form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide). cAMP (cyclic adenosine…
Proteins in the human body have a wide range of functions which include: Hormones (insulin, testosterone), Muscle Fibers (actin, muasin), Carrier Protein (Oxygen carrying hemoglobin), Structure/ Support (nails/ hair), Enzymes (biological catalyst), Membrane Transport (Na/ K pump), Cell-to-Cell Recognition, Antibodies. Structure Proteins are polymers made up of amino acid subunits bonded together by peptide bonds.…
To simplify the multitude of possible combinations of reactants, organic reactions fall under specific types. Combustion Substitution Addition Elimination Oxidation/reduction Condensation (dehydration synthesis) Hydrolysis (hydration) Polymerization Another tool to simplify your task of predicting products is to remember that functional groups will always react the same way. e.g. all 1o alcohols will react the same…
Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory is a model in chemistry used to predict the shape of individual molecules based upon the extent of electron-pair electrostatic repulsion. It is also named Gillespie-Nyholm theory after its two main developers. The premise of VSEPR is that the valence electron pairs surrounding an atom mutually repel each…
NAMING HYDROCARBONS HYDROCARBON DESCRIPTION GENERAL FORMULA Alkane (-ane ending) Only single bonds (C—C) CnH2n + 2 (linear) CnH2n (cycloalkane) Alkene (-ene ending) At least one double bond (C=C) CnH2n Alkyne (-yne ending) At least one triple bond (C=C) CnH2n-2 Interesting fact: a double bond is more reactive than a single bond as the second covalent…
Biological molecules are macromolecules, which basically means they are polymers composed on small repeating units that have been covalently bonded together. The exception to this is a type of lipid called triacyleglycerides or phospholipids which are relatively large molecules composed of smaller molecules bonded together. Subunits are chemically liked together in the cell by a…
Complement Protein: special proteins that expand/puncture the pores in membranes on foreign microbes allowing extracellular fluid to rush in and lyse the cells, thus killing them. Lymphocytes: specialized white blood cells T-cells: produced in the bone marrow and stored in the thymus. Act in a seek and destroy fashion by recognizing the antigen markers on…
The Kinetic Molecular Theory states that matter is made up of particles that are always in constant motion and that the particles move more quickly at higher temperatures. From this theory came the COLLISION MODEL for chemical reactions. According to the collision model there are two ways to make a chemical reaction go faster: 1) …
The laboratory report is a permanent record of your work in the lab. Of first importance is the requirement that the write-up be an honest record. Failures,as well as successes, should be faithfully recorded. I. GENERAL ORGANIZATION: TITLE PAGE – The general layout MUST look EXACTLY like the following example: Complete Title of Lab Name:…
Part B: Thinking and Inquiry True or False – State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Replace the underlined words with the proper correction in the blank space provided, if the statement is false. (5 marks) the following statement will be something like these T or F Statement Correction The alkali…
Stars begin their lives as clouds of dust and gas called nebulae. The gravity of a passing star or the shock wave from a nearby supernova may cause the nebula to contract. Matter in the gas cloud will begin to coalesce into a dense region called a protostar. As the protostar continues to condense, it heats…
1. LOCATION Position on the earth’s surface. There are two types of location: Absolute Location – a specific (exact) reference of something Examples: address, latitude and longitude, etc. Relative Location – description of where something is in relation to other things; approximation Examples: north of the lake, next to the school, etc. 2. PLACE Physical…