*Earth’s nearest neighbor in the universe is the moon! After today’s lecture, you should be able to: Explain various hypotheses about how the moon formed. Describe features and properties of the moon. Astronomy: the study of the universe The 1st probes landed on the moon in 1959. The 1st people landed on the moon in…
The water in the ocean is constantly on the move. These movements, called ocean currents, usually involve large water masses and may flow at the surface or far below it. Ocean Current: any continuous flow of water along a broad path in the ocean Surface Current: an ocean current that generally flows in the upper…
Oceans cover most (~70%) of Earth’s surface, thus, Earth is sometimes called the ‘water planet’. Oceans affect all our lives by providing food, allowing transport of goods, and affecting weather and climate. Oceanography: the scientific study of the ocean and seas Properties of Water *Water is an extremely unique compound! -Solid water (ice) is actually…
Wind: the horizontal movement of air –Useful in many ways: 1. moderates surface temperatures 2. distributes moisture 3. cleanses the atmosphere -Wind is constantly blowing across Earth’s surface! –What sets the air into motion? *Differences in air pressure! -Air wants to flow from an area of high-pressure to an area of low-pressure. *For example: When…
Air Pressure: the force of air molecules exerted on a given area; the weight of the atmosphere as it pushes down upon Earth’s surface -Exerted in all directions because air molecules move in all directions. –Why aren’t we crushed by its weight? Because as the air is pushing in all around us, there are forces…
*Water is the ONLY substance on Earth to commonly exist in all 3 states of matter! 1. solid– ↓ 0°C; ice, snow, hail, frost 2. liquid– 0°→100°C; rain, cloud droplets, dew 3. gas– ↑ 100°C; water vapor (The bubbles in boiling water!) *You can feel water vapor as humidity in the air! The more humid…
Organisms and Their Environment What is Ecology? –Ecology: The scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environments *Ecology reveals relationships among living and nonliving parts of the world! Ex- what a coyote eats; -how day length influences the behavior of migrating birds; -how shrimp help rid ocean fishes of parasites; -how acid rain threatens…
Viruses *Viruses and bacteria are present everywhere – in the air, on the ground, in the water, on inanimate objects, and even in and around your body. -Some of these microorganisms are important in nature’s nutrient cycles and in the food and pharmaceutical industries, while others can cause diseases. What is a virus? Virus: a…
The Record of Life *Everything changes over time. The Earth has changed dramatically during the estimated 4.6 billion years it has existed. – All of the biodiversity present on Earth today is a result of the evolution of unicellular organisms that lived billions of years ago. – Evolution: the change in populations over time – …
Both abiotic and biotic factors determine both where an organism can live and how much a population can grow. A limiting factor is a factor that restricts the size of a population from reaching its full potential. The amount of food & water in a habitat is an example of a limiting factor. Other factors…
As discussed in class, water is an essential of all living things. Watersheds are important to freshwater ecosystems. Watersheds are an area of land through which all water drains into a single river or lake. The runoff in a watershed can have dramatic effects on an ecosystem. Since oceans cover more than 70% of the…
Radioactive elements have a half-life. Half-life occurs naturally in some of the radioactive elements while it could be artificially stimulated in some other elements. The half life of any given element is the time that is required for one half of the sample to decay. For example: If you have 10 grams of a radioactive…
IE is related to the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. If an element has more than one electron to be removed, it will have more than one ionization Energy (IE) The first ionization energy is defined as the energy required to remove the outer most electron from a neutral atom in…
of Protists: Eukaryotic Most unicellular, some multicellular Some have a cell wall, some do not Some are motile, some are not Some have pigments, some do not Many different feeding methods (phototrophic, heterotrophic, etc.) Most aerobic No complex sex organs – no embryos Lack specialized features of fungi, animals and plants Classifying Protists: Three groups,…
Bacteria are prokaryotic and unicellular (although some join together to form colonies or link up in chains). When people think of bacteria, they immediately think of diseases – but disease-causing bacteria only make up a small fraction of all bacteria. Bacteria play an important role in ecosystems (decomposers, nitrogen fixation), and in edible products (cheese,…
Organisms in Archaea live in extreme conditions, such as: Very hot (hot springs, volcanoes, sea floor vents) Very cold Acidic Alkaline Salty High pressure All Archaea are prokaryotic and live in anaerobic conditions (no oxygen) … they obtain the energy they require from inorganic molecules or from light. Originally, organisms from the Archaea were classified…
Always start on low power with a clean slide. The stage of the microscopes should be down as low as possible. Centre the slide so the specimen is underneath the objective lens. Use the Coarse adjustment knob to obtain a general focus. You will be slowly raising the stage until a focus is achieved. Use…
All things are made up of molecules When things get heated, they absorb heat energy With more energy, molecules are able to move faster When molecules move faster, the temperature rises What is Thermal Energy Thermal Energy is energy resulting from the motion of particles It is a form of kinetic energy and is transferred…
SOME MAJOR BENEFITS A larger, stronger, and more efficient heart muscle Decrease in your resting heart rate Increase in your VO2max Healthier blood vessels Increase in the number of capillaries in muscle and lungs Increase in blood volume and red blood cell (RBC) count Decrease in low density lipoprotein (LDL) and increase in high density…
NUTRITION The study of the nutrients in foods and of the body’s handling of them. This includes ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, metabolism, interaction, storage, and excretion. FOOD Material containing nutrients taken into the body for the maintenance of life and the growth and repair of tissues. NUTRIENTS Substances obtained from food and used in the…