Introduction: Insects are arthropods with jointed appendages, segmented bodies, and an exoskeleton composed of chitin. Insects are in the class Insecta, & are the largest and most diverse group of animals on earth. The genus Romalea is a large grasshopper common in the southeastern United States. Insects have three body regions (head, thorax, & abdomen),…
SPECIES EXTINCTION Species can become extinct: Locally: A species is no longer found in an area it once inhabited but is still found elsewhere in the world. Ecologically: Occurs when so few members of a species are left they no longer play its ecological role. Globally (biologically): Species is no longer found on the earth.…
IntroductionThe phylum Mollusca includes snails, clams, chitons, slugs, limpets, octopi, and squid. As mollusks develop from a fertilized egg to an adult, most pass through a larval stage called the trocophore. The trocophore is a ciliated, free-swimming stage. Mollusks also have a radula or file-like organ for feeding, a mantle that may secrete a shell,…
Introduction: Echinoderms are radially symmetrical animals that are only found in the sea (there are none on land or in fresh water). Echinoderms mean “spiny skin” in Greek. Many, but not all, echinoderms have spiny skin. There are over 6,000 species. Echinoderms usually have five appendages (arms or rays), but there are some exceptions. Radial…
All living things have DNA: the chemical instructions on how to make a living thing. It can easily be seen with the naked eye when collected from thousands of cells. This simple method allows you to extract DNA from a strawberry and view it. Materials (per group): * 1 Strawberry * 1 Zip-closure sandwich bag…
Labs are performed in groups for data collection purposes only. Your lab report should NOT be the result of shared writing, copying, or cooperative effort. This includes your calculations. You must do this on your own. Remember to cite any references you use and do not copy from the lab sheets into your lab report. GRAPHS MUST…
Volcanoes form where magma reaches Earth’s surface. Volcano: the opening in Earth’s crust through which magma, gases, and ash erupt, and the landform that develops around this opening *A volcanic eruption occurs when magma rises to the surface. –How does this magma form? 3 ways: 1. A decrease in pressure– lowers melting temperature and allows…
Causes of Plate Movement -Remember that the lithosphere (crust + upper mantle) is solid and is floating on the asthenosphere (melted rock in the mantle below the lithosphere). 1. Heat from the Earth’s core is transferred throughout the mantle. 2. Magma that is hotter and less dense rises upward at a mid-ocean ridge. 3. Once…
The lithosphere is broken into rigid plates that move in relationship to one another on the asthenosphere. Plate Tectonics: a theory that describes the formation, movements, and interactions of these plates. Continental Drift: an early hypothesis about plate movement that says the continents drifted from one location to another over time. -Proposed in 1912 by…
We depend on a variety of energy resources, both renewable (R) and nonrenewable (NR), to meet our energy needs. Most used energy sources in the world: oil: NR; 50-year life expectancy natural gas: NR; 125-year life expectancy coal: NR; 200-300 year life expectancy water power: R; uranium (nuclear power): NR; ?? *The top 3 energy…
Earth has renewable and nonrenewable resources. Our demand for and use of resources sometimes exceeds the supply that is available. Renewable resource: one that can be replaced in nature at the same rate in which we use it Nonrenewable resource: one that exists in a fixed amount, or is used up faster than it can…
Why Study Rocks? -Many, many uses! – writing tools (chalk, pencils), building materials (marble, concrete), fuels (coal), scouring powder (pumice, sand), weapons (flint, obsidian) Rock: a group of minerals bound together – Found in the Earth’s crust and mantle The Rock Cycle: the continuous process of rock formation and change – Presents a “map” of the…
Topographic maps are made specifically to show elevation. They show elevation through the use of contour lines. *The mountain below has 1 peak! 4000m What is the lowest elevation of this mountain? 1000 m PLEASE NOTE: Not every elevation can be represented by a contour line. Index contours: bold contour (lines used to calculate the…
*In order to be able to learn more about Earth as a whole, we must be able to look at it as a whole, and be able to see and find areas of particular interest. *A map is a flat, 2-dimensional representation of Earth’s surface. –cartographer: mapmaker –projections: the different ways in which maps can…
In order to create and perform scientific experiments, you must first become aware of the parts that are involved in designing an appropriate experiment, as well as the vocabulary that is associated with each part. Vocabulary associated with scientific experiments: –variable: any part of an experiment that can vary –control: any part of the experiment…
*Billions of galaxies make up the universe, which, according to the big bang model, formed between 10 & 20 billion years ago. After today’s lecture, you should be able to: -Tell what a galaxy is and describe the various types of galaxies. -Explain the origin of the universe according to the big bang model. A)…
*Astronomers analyze light from objects in space in order to learn about the composition and movement of the objects. After today’s lecture, you should be able to: – Describe the characteristics of electromagnetic radiation. – Explain ways of analyzing light in order to get information about stars. – Explain the Doppler Effect and how it…
A great cloud of gas and dust (called a nebula) begins to collapse and spin Nebula begins to flatten into a spinning pancake shape with a bulge at the center This is due to forces of gravity and rotation Further collapse causes certain regions to condense into the sun, planets, and moons In the center…
*The sun affects our lives in more ways than we can imagine (even though it is about 150 million km away!): produces heat, light, energy for photosynthesis, food, wind, ocean currents, tides, radiation, weather, etc. After today’s lecture, you should be able to: -Explain the structure of the sun and its energy source. -Describe the…
*The moon travels in a regular and predictable motion. After today’s lecture, you should be able to: -Describe the motions of the moon. -Explain the reason the moon goes through phases. -Analyze how the Earth-moon-sun geometry causes lunar and solar eclipses. *Like the sun, the moon rises in the east and sets in the west,…