Modern vehicles travel faster and farther than ever before. Some of the road conditions encountered are far from optimum. As a result, the tire and wheel assembly is put through a tremendous amount of stress. Therefore, proper maintenance is necessary, as they are the only connection between the road and the vehicle. RIMS Rims are…
Throughout the course of servicing and/or repairing a vehicle, it will be necessary from time to time to raise the vehicle off the ground in order to access certain areas on the vehicle. To accomplish this you will need to use either a hydraulic floor jack or a hoist. Both units use the basic principles…
Information Welding is a process whereby two (2) metals are joined together. In today’s transportation industries welding is an integral part of both the manufacturing process and the service sector. There are two methods of welding used: Fusion Non-Fusion Fusion welding is a process where the edges of two (2) pieces of metal are brought…
In the modern engine, the lubrication system is more vital than every due to the very low tolerances and higher temperatures that the engines must perform at. System Components Oil pan – holds the oil required for the system, provides a means of draining the oil through the oil plug and houses the oil pump…
Function Resistors restrict the flow of electric current, for example a resistor is placed in series with a light-emitting diode (LED) to limit the current passing through the LED. Connecting and soldering Resistors may be connected either way round because they are not polarized (no negative or positive). They are not damaged by heat when…
There are two types of engines found in nearly every car and truck on the road. They used what is called four strokes reciprocating internal combustion engine which is a high horse powered type of engine. Both gas and diesel engines use this type of application. A third type called a two stroke engine, found…
CONTRACEPTIVES: The use of a device or procedure to prevent conception (pregnancy) as a result of sexual activity Sexual Abstinence Voluntary restraint from sexual intercourse Advantages NO risk of pregnancy NO risk of STIs Appeals to certain religions/beliefs Disadvantages May not experience pleasure Calendar/Rhythm Method No sexual intercourse during ovulation Advantages NO side effects Enhances…
Endosymbiotic Theory: Mitochondria & Chloroplast are descendants of prokaryotic cells; they share clear structural/ biochemical features with modern prokaryotes. Cyanobacteria: blue-green algae; obtain their energy through photosynthesis Lateral gene Transfer: Gene from Mitochondria & Chloroplast MOVE from Mitochondria & Chloroplast to the nucleus Evidence of Endosymbiosis (Happened after evolution of aerobic prokaryotes) Morphology: Form of…
A Catalyst increases the rate of reaction by providing alternative energy pathway ; usually increasing the rate of by 1012-1020. However it does not affect free energy ∆G (can’t make endergonic reaction go). Instead an enzyme can couple an exergonic reaction with an endergonic reaction via ATP breakdown. It will decrease EA for a spontaneous…
Drake’s Equation is an equation used to estimate the number of detectable extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy. Invented by Frank Drake, the founder of SETI. Ns 1011 Stars discovered so far Fp (0.5) Half the planets in the Milky Way galaxy have stars around them Ways to detect planets Transit Method: Diming of…
HISTORY Over 100 years ago it was found that nitroglycerin can treat the pain of heart disease and heart attacks In 1987 it was discovered that nitric oxide was naturally produced in the body Nitrogen monoxide (NO) was the 1992 Molecule of the Year The work of the biochemical role of nitrogen monoxide by Robert…
Two Types of Impact Craters Impact craters can be categorized in one of two ways: simple or complex. A simple crater has a smooth bowl shape small with a small depth to diameter ratio. This ratio is typically 1:6 which means that if the crater is 1 m deep, it is 6 m wide. A…
What Darwin Observed Darwin sent specimens collected on his voyage back to England to be examined by experts Fossils collected were confirmed to be large versions of the present day sloth and armadillo The Galapagos Island’s bird specimens were in fact many different species of birds Darwin originally thought they were just variations of the…
What Really Happened with the Apple? There is a popular story that Newton was sitting under an apple tree, an apple fell on his head, and he suddenly thought of the Universal Law of Gravitation. As in all such legends, this is almost certainly not true in its details, but the story contains elements of…
Capillary action, or capillarity, is a phenomenon where liquid spontaneously rises in a narrow space such as a thin tube, or in porous materials such as paper or in some non-porous materials such as liquefied carbon fibre. This effect can cause liquids to flow against the force of gravity or the magnetic field induction. It…
Surface Tension (N/m² = J/m³) Fluid property associated with the presence of a surface toward air Interfacial tension- is used to describe analogous phenomena for fluid having interfaces with solids or other liquids (can be +/-) Water molecules are forced toward the surface of a fluid due to placement on other molecules and attractive forces.…
Fluid: system that yield to any force that attempts to alter their shape, causing system to flow until it reaches mechanical equilibrium; fluid conforms to shape of container Molecules of liquid in condense state; maintain CONSTANT intermolecular distance. Liquid will form SURFACE. Gas will not form surface; adjust intermolecular distance to fill space provided (compression/…
Intrinsic property of particles that comprise matter Point charge: charged particle with negligible size Mass and charge are independent from each other Positive Charge (q+) and Negative Charge (q-) Coulomb’s Law Magnitude of electric force between two charged spheres is proportional to the absolute amount of charge on each sphere, and is proportional 1/r2 where…
Capacitor: two conducting plates charged with equal amount of charge of opposite signs, with insulator in between (we assume a vacuum unless said otherwise) Three quantities characterize a capacitor: 1) surface charge density 2) capacitance 3) dielectric constant Capacitance (q= C x ∆V) Unit: Farad (F) The potential difference across a parallel plate capacitor is…
