Indices of Refraction for Various Media: Medium Index of Refraction (n) Air/vacuum 1.00 Ice 1.31 Water 1.33 Ethyl alcohol 1.36 Vegetable oil 1.47 Acrylic 1.49 Glass 1.52 Diamond 2.42 1. Using Snell’s law, determine the constant when the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction are: a) 50˚ and 30˚ b) 30˚ and 18˚ …
Nucleic acids are the storage form of all the genetic information required by a cell. They also are the cell’s preferred energy molecule ATP as well as acting as being used as intermediate electron carrier molecules in cellular respiration in the form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide). cAMP (cyclic adenosine…
Proteins in the human body have a wide range of functions which include: Hormones (insulin, testosterone), Muscle Fibers (actin, muasin), Carrier Protein (Oxygen carrying hemoglobin), Structure/ Support (nails/ hair), Enzymes (biological catalyst), Membrane Transport (Na/ K pump), Cell-to-Cell Recognition, Antibodies. Structure Proteins are polymers made up of amino acid subunits bonded together by peptide bonds.…
To simplify the multitude of possible combinations of reactants, organic reactions fall under specific types. Combustion Substitution Addition Elimination Oxidation/reduction Condensation (dehydration synthesis) Hydrolysis (hydration) Polymerization Another tool to simplify your task of predicting products is to remember that functional groups will always react the same way. e.g. all 1o alcohols will react the same…
Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory is a model in chemistry used to predict the shape of individual molecules based upon the extent of electron-pair electrostatic repulsion. It is also named Gillespie-Nyholm theory after its two main developers. The premise of VSEPR is that the valence electron pairs surrounding an atom mutually repel each…
NAMING HYDROCARBONS HYDROCARBON DESCRIPTION GENERAL FORMULA Alkane (-ane ending) Only single bonds (C—C) CnH2n + 2 (linear) CnH2n (cycloalkane) Alkene (-ene ending) At least one double bond (C=C) CnH2n Alkyne (-yne ending) At least one triple bond (C=C) CnH2n-2 Interesting fact: a double bond is more reactive than a single bond as the second covalent…
Biological molecules are macromolecules, which basically means they are polymers composed on small repeating units that have been covalently bonded together. The exception to this is a type of lipid called triacyleglycerides or phospholipids which are relatively large molecules composed of smaller molecules bonded together. Subunits are chemically liked together in the cell by a…
Complement Protein: special proteins that expand/puncture the pores in membranes on foreign microbes allowing extracellular fluid to rush in and lyse the cells, thus killing them. Lymphocytes: specialized white blood cells T-cells: produced in the bone marrow and stored in the thymus. Act in a seek and destroy fashion by recognizing the antigen markers on…
The Kinetic Molecular Theory states that matter is made up of particles that are always in constant motion and that the particles move more quickly at higher temperatures. From this theory came the COLLISION MODEL for chemical reactions. According to the collision model there are two ways to make a chemical reaction go faster: 1) …
The laboratory report is a permanent record of your work in the lab. Of first importance is the requirement that the write-up be an honest record. Failures,as well as successes, should be faithfully recorded. I. GENERAL ORGANIZATION: TITLE PAGE – The general layout MUST look EXACTLY like the following example: Complete Title of Lab Name:…
Part B: Thinking and Inquiry True or False – State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Replace the underlined words with the proper correction in the blank space provided, if the statement is false. (5 marks) the following statement will be something like these T or F Statement Correction The alkali…
Stars begin their lives as clouds of dust and gas called nebulae. The gravity of a passing star or the shock wave from a nearby supernova may cause the nebula to contract. Matter in the gas cloud will begin to coalesce into a dense region called a protostar. As the protostar continues to condense, it heats…
1. LOCATION Position on the earth’s surface. There are two types of location: Absolute Location – a specific (exact) reference of something Examples: address, latitude and longitude, etc. Relative Location – description of where something is in relation to other things; approximation Examples: north of the lake, next to the school, etc. 2. PLACE Physical…
Alcohols Alcohols have a variety of uses in our everyday society because of how versatile of a functional group it is. Drink it One of the most commonly served beverages in the world, ethanol is consumed by millions of adults each years. Ethanol is commercially produced using a process called fermentation; this is the process…
e) The reaction proceeds quite rapidly during the initiate mixture of Hydrochloric acid and Calcium Carbonate chips. Between 1-3 min the reaction is proceeding vigorously, however later on between 4-6 min the reaction tampers off and the consumption in HCl lowers per min intervals. Evaluation f) The experimental design appears to be very vague on…
In order to produce as much ammonia as possible several factors need to be considered. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: Therefore a manufacturer would want to affect this equilibrium is such a way that the reaction would constantly wanted to shift to the right. The first way this could be achieved is…
ACROSS 1. Synthetic elements with atomic numbers greater than 93 (Transuranic) 5. This law states that the properties of elements repeat as a function of their atomic number (Periodic) 7. Silicon is in this period (Three)8. Elements were originally placed in order of atomic __, now they are in order of atomic __. (Mass number)9.…
Allergy is a disorder of the immune system often also referred to as atopy. Allergic reactions occur to normally harmless environmental substances known as allergens; these reactions are acquired, predictable and rapid. Mind allergies can range from hay fever which causes runny nose and itchy eyes, to life-threatening anaphylactic reactions and potentially death. Allergies are…
Introduction In physics, any increase or decrease in velocity is referred to as acceleration or deceleration. The rate of acceleration is measured in m/s² or km/m/s respectively. The average acceleration of an object can be derived from the formula: Purpose To identify the correlation between the movement of the cart and the appearance of the…
Introduction In the study of physics, velocity is defined as the rate of change in position in accordance to a reference point. It is therefore a vector quantity; both the scalar quantities of speed and direction are required to define it. In the SI system, it is measured in meters per second: (m/s) [N] meaning…