Protein Structures: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary

Proteins are the largest and most varied class of biological molecules, and they show the greatest variety of structures.  Many have intricate three-dimensional folding patterns that result in a compact form, but others do not fold up at all (“natively unstructured proteins”) and exist in random conformations. The function of proteins depends on their structure,…

Cardiovascular System: Structure & Function

The cardiovascular system or circulatory system is a system that moves nutrients, gases, and wastes between cells helps fight diseases and transports blood throughout the body (Circulatory System). The main components of the human cardiovascular system include the heart, blood, and various blood vessels. There are several different circuits contained in the cardiovascular system. One…

Bonding Capacity: Rules & Exceptions

–          Bonding capacity is an important chemical property for elements –          All members of the Alkali Metals have one extra electron and need to give it away –          Alkaline Earth Metals have two extra electrons that they must get rid of –          Halogens need to acquire an electron along with chalcogens –          Alkaline Earth will…

Effects of temperature and pH on cell permeability & effects of substrate concentration on enzymes in proteins lab answers

Abstract Proteins are very complex structures and have many variables that affect their function. This lab examined some of those variables. For the first part beef liver, which contains the enzyme catalase, was added to solutions of different concentrations of the substrate hydrogen peroxide. The second and third sections tested the effects of temperature and…

Heavy Metal Lab Answers: S. cerevisiae & R. rubra

Introduction Despite being naturally occurring, the amount of heavy metals in the environment has increased greatly throughout the years as a result of industrialization and human activity. Although many of these metals are vital for sustaining the lives of various microorganisms, high levels have resulted in much pollution and the disruption of the biotic processes…

Determining Ksp of Calcium Hydroxide Through Titration Lab

Introduction Aqueous calcium hydroxide, also known as lime water is used to verify the presence of carbon dioxide gas, (carbon dioxide reacts with the calcium hydroxide to produce calcium carbonate) this is achieved by bubbling the gas through the solution, if the solution turns cloudy then the precipitate calcium carbonate has formed, thus carbon dioxide…