In insects, the regulation of water balance is of critical importance in maintaining homeostasis [1]. Homeostasis is the state of relative stability of the internal environment of an organism. One of the main processes involved in the control of water balance is diuresis. Diuresis is the elimination of excess water in the form of urine. …
Prions are proteins that are found in the nerve cells of all mammals. Numerous prions are in each nerve cell, but no one knows for sure what the prion protein does. The brain of a human or animal infected with a prion “disease” has many abnormally-shaped prions. One hypothesis states that when a person or…
There are three measures to central tendency: the mean, median, and mode. These measures relate in different ways to different distributions either skewed or normal. Intelligence tests can also be measured using central tendency principles as well each has a distribution. Intelligence tests also are biased in material and need regular updates. The mean is…
Today’s modern cheetahs can run 60 mph to catch prey. Their ancestors could originally only run 20 mph. There was selective pressure in the environment of cheetahs that demanded for faster cheetahs to catch more prey because there was a battle for survival. There was variation in the ancestral population. Some cheetahs could run faster…
The human body is a functioning system of many diverse parts which are all related to one another. The hormones which are found in humans are no different; they interact within the human body and take part in many vital and necessary procedures for the survival and reproduction of humans. The two major systems in…
Introduction: Mars; The History of Studies are Endless As early as 300BC, Egyptians have referred to Mars as “Horus of the Horizon”. From the beginning that this massive red rock that boarders the terrestrial planets in their orbit around The Sun has been discovered, it has mystified and left civilians and mainly scientists wondering if…
The Portuguese Man o’ War if a member of the Kingdom Animalia, phylum Cnidaria(1), class Hydrozoa, order Siphonophra, the genus Physalia, and the species Physalia(2). The man-of-war is not an actual jellyfish, but a Siphonophor. Also the man-of-war is not a single organism. It is made up of many different organisms that work together. These…
An antibiotic is defined to be a drug produced by certain microbes. Most doctors use antibiotics to help fight the germs in a patient. Antibiotics are obtained from plants, fungi, air, water, soil, just about anything on earth. Antibiotics kill and attack the germ or virus in the body, but do not hurt the human…
In the human body, each cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, one of each pair inherited through the egg from the mother, and the other inherited through the sperm of the father. Of these chromosomes, those that determine sex are X and Y. Females have XX and males have XY. In addition to the information…
The laser is a device that generates a beam of light. The beam is produced by a process known as stimulated emission, and the word “laser” is an acronym for the phrase “light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.” Similar to radio waves, light can also carry information. The information is encoded in the beam…
Roy began work on her theory in the 1960s. She drew from existing work of a physiological psychologist, and behavioral, systems and role theorists. She was keenly interested in the psycho/social aspects of the person from the start and concentrated her education on this aspect of Person. Thus, the language/thinking of psychology and sociology became…
Ice Ages Earth has had several ice ages Ice ages are periods of time when freezing temperatures created massive sheets of ice that covered continents The last ice age ended between 6000 and 10,000 years ago During the last ice age, glaciers covered most of Canada and the Northern US How Ice Ages Occur An…
Maps are tools of the Geographer. With maps it is possible to see patterns on the surface of the earth much more clearly. It is very important that students of Geography learn to construct maps correctly and accurately. Here are the guidelines that you must follow when working with maps. A map is always accurate,…
Energy Capacity to do work Kinetic Energy possessed by an object because it is in motion Potential/Chemical Potential Stored energy: the energy an object has because of its location or chemical structure Study of energy and its transformations System Object being studied Three Types Isolated System Does not exchanged matter or energy with surroundings Ex.…
Organic Compounds Organic Compound: defined as many compounds that contain covalently-bonded carbon atoms. They form the basis of life, and are obtained from living sources (i.e. your skin bones and hair.) Inorganic Compound: compounds other than organic compounds. There are a few exceptions, however, and they include some compounds and polyatomic ions that contain only…
For many centuries, spices and herbs have played an important role in many aspects of everyday life including cooking or medicinal purposes. Currently it is used as an alternative to treat different ailments and bacterial infections. Medicinal properties of spices and herbs may vary considerably depending on their molecular structure. Zingiber officinale (ginger) is a…
Seven Characteristics of Life Display Order Arranged in a highly ordered manner Cell: fundamental unit of life Harness & Utilize Energy Acquire energy from the environment and use it to maintain state Reproduce Have the ability to make more of their own kind Respond to Stimuli Can make adjustments to their structure, function and behavior…
At the beginning of human history, we had to satisfy our energy needs (for food, heat and movement) by using our own muscle power and gathering or hunting naturally available plants, animals and wood. Each stage in the evolution of human society (the development of farming, domestication of animals, harnessing of wind and water power)…
As the human population has grown, and our use of resources has increased, we have destroyed the habitat of many species. A biodiversity crisis has developed. The Red List of Threatened Species, compiled by the World Conservation Union, lists 16,913 species as threatened with extinction. Conservation biology—the scientific study of phenomena that affect the maintenance,…
The term ecosystem was first used by Tansley (1935) to refer to all the components of an ecological system, biotic and abiotic, that influence the flow of energy and elements. The ecosystem concept integrates ecology with other disciplines such as geochemistry, hydrology, and atmospheric science. Primary production is the chemical energy generated by autotrophs during…