Observations of chemical reactions are summarized in certain generalizations called the laws of chemical change. The three laws of chemical change are; 1) Law of Conservation of Mass 2) Law of Constant Composition 3) Law of Multiple Proportions Law of Conservation of Mass States that during a chemical reaction, matter is neither created or destroyed…
Over the last few years, the issue of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in the home has become much more of a public safety issue. Carbon monoxide detectors first came onto the market in the early 1990s. CO detectors have not made the problem of CO contamination go away. They can’t stop CO from leaking. It…
Volcanoes formed at certian locations because they were along plate boundaries, which provide the ideal circumstances for magma formation and its subsequent eruption. At subduction boundaries the lithopsheres collide and the denser plate is pulled down into the mantle. This introduces water into the asthenosphere which lowers melting temperature and allows the less dense magma…
What is Weather? Weather describes atmospheric conditions in a given location over a short period of time, such as a day or a week. The atmospheric conditions include temperature, precipitation, wind, humidity, atmospheric pressure and the presence of fog, mist or cloud cover. What Causes Weather? The interactions of water air and the energy from…
A good example of total internal reflection is a diamond. Diamond has the highest index of refraction but can increase the amount of total internal reflection by being cut properly making diamond sparkle. Critical angle: this is angle of incidence that produces an angle of refraction equal to 90 degrees If the angle of refraction…
As the distance to the epicenter increase, the time delay between the P and S wave arrivals increases as well. The greater the distance from the epicenter the more progressively the S wave will lag behind the P wave. P waves (primary waves) are longitudinal waves that travel through the earth. When placed in solid/…
A flood occurs when a river overflows and due to environmental and/or human features and water flows onto the land surrounding it; also known as the floodplain. A floodplain is the flat piece of land found beside and surrounding a stream or river that will be periodically flooded. Its features a floodway, which consists of…
Sample B indicates diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is caused by inadequate secretion of insulin from islet cells in the pancreas, which causes sugar levels to rise. People suffering from this disease will have higher blood sugar concentrations which remain in the nephrons and this is detected in their urine. This correlates with sample B result…
Experiment #1: Muscle Fatigue a) Graphic 1: Comparison of Finger pinches over 20s intervals for both hands As the lab progressed, the strength of my fingers degraded through each successive trial. This resulted in the numbers of pinches I made with either hand to decrease, which was anticipated due to muscle fatigue. At the end…
Table 1: Amount of Light/ Dark moths remaining before, during, after industrial revolution Tree Bark # of Melanic Moths Remaining # of Light Moths Remaining % of Melanic Moths Remaining (/30) % of Light Moths Remaining (/30) Light (Pre-Industrial Revolution) 1 13 13 43% 43% 2 10 15 33% 50% 3 8 16 27% 53%…
Introduction Proteins (or polypeptides) are organic macromolecules consisting of amino acid subunits (monomers) that are arranged in a specific order and folded into a specific shape. These monomers of amino acids are arranged in a specific sequence known as the primary structure which is determined by the DNA of the gene coding that protein. Amino…
The Gaia hypothesis formulated by James Lovelock in the late 1960s presents the notion that our planet is a single self-managing organism which regulates the conditions necessary for life. After its publication in James Lovelock’s book “Gaia: A new look at life on Earth” it revolutionized the perspective of Earth as a “living being” and…
Suburban sprawl is resulting in the increased consumption of fossils fuels in order for individuals to commute to and from their homes and work. This increased demand of fossil fuels will further deplete our already declining oil reserves, resulting in a cost increase. This will make living conditions for humans much more difficult and potentially…
Utilitarian Justification– conservation of nature is important because the environment, ecosystem, habitat, or species provides individuals (aka humans) with direst economic benefits. Ecological Justification– conservation of nature is based on the knowledge that a species, ecological community, ecosystem, or the Earth’s biosphere provides specific function necessary to the persistence of our life. Aesthetic Justification– conservation…
1) There appears to be a negative correlation between the tree ring growth and the average temperature for each year. As the temperature declines the average tree ring growth becomes much more substantial and vice versa when the temperature increases. Examples of this correlation can be seen at several yearly intervals such as: High Tree…
Introduction Eratosthenes, a Greek geographer (about 276 to 194 B.C.), made a surprisingly accurate estimate of the Earth’s circumference. The legend follows that Eratosthenes used a deep vertical well near Syene, in southern Egypt which was entirely lit up by the sun at noon once a year as the basis of his calculations. He reasoned…
Around 190 million years ago, Pangaea began to break up. The breakup resulted in two landmasses: Laurasia, the northern group of continents, and Gondwanaland, the southern group of continents; Gondwanaland included South America, Antarctica, Australia, Africa, and India. Breakups! North America: 130 mya Australia: 50 mya India: 90 mya Europe: 30 mya Antarctica: 50 mya…
Entropy, S, is the tendency towards randomness or disorder in a system – an ordered arrangement of particles has a lower entropy/disorder than the same number of particles in random arrangements Entropy becomes more disordered with: 1.) ^ Temperature – more chaotic motion 2.) ^ Volume of gases 3.) change in phys. State A change…
lac Operon Model Regulates production of enzyme B-galactosidase which is needed to break down lactose. It consists of a cluster of 3 genes under the control of one promoter and one operator. When lactose levels are low the LacI repressor protein binds to lac operator, covering part of the promoter region which blocks transcription of…
The laboratory is a safe place to experiment if you are careful and familiar with all the equipment. You must assume responsibility for the safety of yourself and your neighbours. This paper outlines the steps to use for safety and first aid in this classroom. Student bags or backpacks and coats are not permitted in…