Components: i) plasma ii) erythrocytes (red blood cells) iii) leukocytes (white blood cells) iv) platelets Plasma: o 55% of blood volume and is 90% water o Contains dissolved materials which are being transported: o proteins (fibrinogen), hormones, nutrients, waste products, gases Erythrocytes: o Function: > to carry oxygen o Structure: > no nucleus, cytoplasm contains…
The atom is the basic unit of matter. Atoms bond to one another to form compounds. Bonds are formed by the sharing or transfer of electrons present in the atoms. Bonds between Atoms: Chemical Bonds Covalent compounds – formed by the EQUAL sharing of electrons between atoms – electrically neutral molecules (no “+” or “-“…
Energy – needed for: – movement – synthesis of complex compounds – active transport Food – provides energy needed by cells – broken down > heat (body heat, excess removed) chemical storage form Cellular Respiration – is the process by which chemical energy stored in food (usually glucose, but may be protein and lipids is…
Cells must perform thousands of different chemical reactions in order to survive. These reactions are crucial to providing cells with energy. Endergonic reactions: -“energy in” require energy in order to proceed – biological endergonic reactions produce molecules that store energy (ex. Glucose) – Ex. Photosynthesis Exergonic reatctions: – “energy out” release energy – biological exergonic…
The plasma membrane surrounds the cell and is crucial to cell life: it must control what enters and leaves the cell. It must allow sufficient amounts of food molecules, such as glucose, to pass into the cell and must also allow for the quick removal of waste products from the cell. Membrane Structure Phospholipids Most…
Genetic continuity is the transmission of hereditary material through cell division. The Cell Cycle – cells do not divide continuously– in cells capable of dividing, the period between cell divisions is called interphase– cells spend most of their time in interphase because this is the phase where they perform their functions (obtaining energy, synthesizing products,…
Functions: 1. transport oxygen and carbon dioxide 2. distribute nutrients and transport of wastes 3. maintenance of body temperatures 4. circulation of hormones Structure: Made up of three components: 1. A fluid in which materials are transported (blood) 2. vessels in which the fluid moves (blood vessels) 3. a pump (the heart) Circulatory system is…
Observations of chemical reactions are summarized in certain generalizations called the laws of chemical change. The three laws of chemical change are; 1) Law of Conservation of Mass 2) Law of Constant Composition 3) Law of Multiple Proportions Law of Conservation of Mass States that during a chemical reaction, matter is neither created or destroyed…
Over the last few years, the issue of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in the home has become much more of a public safety issue. Carbon monoxide detectors first came onto the market in the early 1990s. CO detectors have not made the problem of CO contamination go away. They can’t stop CO from leaking. It…
Volcanoes formed at certian locations because they were along plate boundaries, which provide the ideal circumstances for magma formation and its subsequent eruption. At subduction boundaries the lithopsheres collide and the denser plate is pulled down into the mantle. This introduces water into the asthenosphere which lowers melting temperature and allows the less dense magma…
What is Weather? Weather describes atmospheric conditions in a given location over a short period of time, such as a day or a week. The atmospheric conditions include temperature, precipitation, wind, humidity, atmospheric pressure and the presence of fog, mist or cloud cover. What Causes Weather? The interactions of water air and the energy from…
A good example of total internal reflection is a diamond. Diamond has the highest index of refraction but can increase the amount of total internal reflection by being cut properly making diamond sparkle. Critical angle: this is angle of incidence that produces an angle of refraction equal to 90 degrees If the angle of refraction…
As the distance to the epicenter increase, the time delay between the P and S wave arrivals increases as well. The greater the distance from the epicenter the more progressively the S wave will lag behind the P wave. P waves (primary waves) are longitudinal waves that travel through the earth. When placed in solid/…
A flood occurs when a river overflows and due to environmental and/or human features and water flows onto the land surrounding it; also known as the floodplain. A floodplain is the flat piece of land found beside and surrounding a stream or river that will be periodically flooded. Its features a floodway, which consists of…
Sample B indicates diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is caused by inadequate secretion of insulin from islet cells in the pancreas, which causes sugar levels to rise. People suffering from this disease will have higher blood sugar concentrations which remain in the nephrons and this is detected in their urine. This correlates with sample B result…
Experiment #1: Muscle Fatigue a) Graphic 1: Comparison of Finger pinches over 20s intervals for both hands As the lab progressed, the strength of my fingers degraded through each successive trial. This resulted in the numbers of pinches I made with either hand to decrease, which was anticipated due to muscle fatigue. At the end…
Table 1: Amount of Light/ Dark moths remaining before, during, after industrial revolution Tree Bark # of Melanic Moths Remaining # of Light Moths Remaining % of Melanic Moths Remaining (/30) % of Light Moths Remaining (/30) Light (Pre-Industrial Revolution) 1 13 13 43% 43% 2 10 15 33% 50% 3 8 16 27% 53%…
Introduction Proteins (or polypeptides) are organic macromolecules consisting of amino acid subunits (monomers) that are arranged in a specific order and folded into a specific shape. These monomers of amino acids are arranged in a specific sequence known as the primary structure which is determined by the DNA of the gene coding that protein. Amino…
The Gaia hypothesis formulated by James Lovelock in the late 1960s presents the notion that our planet is a single self-managing organism which regulates the conditions necessary for life. After its publication in James Lovelock’s book “Gaia: A new look at life on Earth” it revolutionized the perspective of Earth as a “living being” and…
Suburban sprawl is resulting in the increased consumption of fossils fuels in order for individuals to commute to and from their homes and work. This increased demand of fossil fuels will further deplete our already declining oil reserves, resulting in a cost increase. This will make living conditions for humans much more difficult and potentially…