What is light? A form of energy that the Sun emits in all directions Properties of Light Light travels in straight lines: Light travels VERY FAST – around 300,000, 000 metres per second. (3.0 x 108 m/s) Light travels much faster than sound. For example: Light energy is transferred through radiation RADIATION A method of…
Geocentric view: Earth-centered view. (600BC – 150 AD) Came from the belief that God created humans at center and everything moved in perfect divine circles. Earth was a sphere that remained motionless at center of the universe Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn orbited earth in circles Stars traveled around the earth on…
A material that lets electrons flow through it is called a CONDUCTOR The molecules of all types of conductors resist the flow of electrons to some degree ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE is a measure of how easy or hard it is for electric current to move through a material Conductors have low resistance Insulators have high resistance…
Energy can be defined as the ability to do work. Electrons possess energy and this energy can be converted to another form to do work (make a lightbulb shine, motor run, etc). This energy is called electric potential energy. Definitions: Electric potential energy: energy that the battery gives to the electrons; the amount of energy…
There are four major types of industry in Canada/USA/Europe. Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary. Primary Industries Industries that take in raw materials from the natural environment. Also known as extractive industries. (known as primary because extraction or removal of natural resources must happen before anything else can be made. Everything comes from the earth) Primary…
80 % of Canadians live in cities cities are broken up into 6 major land-use groups – residential, transportation, institutional and public buildings, open space and recreational land, industrial, and commercial Residential Land Use Where people live includes low (houses), medium (town houses) and high density (apartment buildings) Takes up 40% of land in cities…
The Norse had explored and wintered in North America some 500 years before Giovanni Caboto, a Genoese explorer whom the British called John Cabot, rediscovered the land in 1497. Although Cabot failed to find a northern route to the rich spice trade in Asia, he returned with tales of an ocean teeming with cod and…
Population distribution – the pattern of where people live in a region, or across the country. There are 2 main patterns, dispersed and concentrated Two main catgories of settlement in Canada. Rural ,and Urban Rural – outside of cities and towns, low population density, dispersed settlement pattern Three factors affect pattern of rural settlement 1.…
FOUR MAIN PARTS TO SOIL 1. Minerals – comes from the weathering (chemical, physical) of the parent material. The inorganic material in soil is made up of rock material mainly. It can be sand, silt or clay. The particles in each of these rock types are ordered from larger to smaller with sand being the…
Layers of rocks can be faulted, folded and tilted by large forces within the Earth’s crust. The study of these changes can give information about the strength and direction of the forces involved. Sedimentary rocks – layers of rock fragments that were compressed and cemented together. They often contain fossils. Igneous rocks – molten rock…
Definition: Continental Drift It is the theory that the earth’s continents are constantly in motion and at one time they all collided together to form one massive continent about 300 million years ago! Pangaea (meaning “all lands”) began to break up and drift apart. Founder of the Continental Drift Theory Alfred Wegener came up with…
Cost Is this a cheap energy resource to use? Are the start up costs minimal or large? Are the operation costs minimal or large? Does there need to be more research? Availability and Accessibility Availability Is this energy resource one we can harness now? Is it in the research process? Is there lots of supply…
What is an Environmental Contaminant? Environmental contaminants are substances that, when accidentally or deliberately introduced into the environment, may have the potential to harm people, wildlife and plants. Some of these contaminants may have been manufactured for industrial use and because they are very stable, they do not break down easily. If released to the…
Humans come into contact with harmful contaminants in many ways. We may: eat food that carries toxin residues touch contaminated soils absorb radiation or chemical vapors through our skin drink polluted water inhale gases and particulates as we breathe Determining how much exposure of a contaminant is safe is a multi step process that involves…
Energy Types Energy sources are classified as either renewable or non-renewable A renewable energy resource is one that can be replaced after use by regrowth, reproduction or replacement within a reasonable time frame (usually one human lifespan). Examples include solar, wind, tidal, thermal and hydroelectric A non-renewable resource is one that cannot be replaced after…
What is Agriculture? Agriculture is the production of food and goods through farming and forestry. The development of agricultural techniques is credited for creating food surpluses that enabled the development of more densely populated societies with distinct classes Agriculture uses many techniques, to expand the lands suitable for plant raising. For example: Digging water-channels and…
The basics Environmental issues are particularly difficult to solve because often the solutions require sacrifice It is difficult to convince a population of people to trade in quality of life and convenience for the greater environmental good This is evident with North America’s obsession with big cars, SUVs and Trucks When considering an environmental issue…
Efficiency Energy efficiency is one area that scientists are focusing on to decrease the worlds overall energy use Energy efficiency in buildings is one of the top priorities in energy conservation There are many different ways that we can make an older building more energy efficient Simple ways to improve a building’s efficiency Insulate and…
Goldilocks Principle Venus is too hot, Mars is too cold but Earth is just right Earth’s average temperature sits between the boiling and freezing temperatures of water. This makes it ideal for life Insulating gas blanket Earth’s “perfect” surface temperature for life is often thought to be because of it’s orbit distance from the Sun.…
There are many different types of Waste Solid Waste Liquid Waste Gaseous Waste Animal by-products Biodegradable waste Biomedical waste Chemical waste Commercial waste Construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) Electronic waste (E-waste) Green waste Grey water Hazardous waste or Toxic Waste Human waste Industrial waste Radioactive waste Recyclable waste Sewage Slaughterhouse waste Wastewater Industrial Waste…