SOURCE ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES HYDROELECTRICITY Produce inexpensive electricity Disrupt natural river flow Reservoirs used for flood control, irrigation, drinking water, and recreation Slow down river flow that can kill fish and other animals that depend on a steady flow Renewable energy source Alter water quality Increases reliability of energy sources Significant obstacle to fish and…
An object is projected horizontally at 8.0 m/s from the top of a 122.5 m cliff. How far from the base of the cliff will the object strike the ground? An arrow is shot at 30.0° angle with the horizontal. It has a velocity of 49 m/s. a) How high will it go? b) What…
Introduction The principal component of vinegar is acetic acid- HC2H3O2, and also a little bit of water. While analyzing vinegar and the percent composition of acetic acid in it, an acid/base reaction was performed by adding NaOH, a base, to vinegar, the acid. NaOH was added in small amounts at a time to a beaker…
Introduction: Energy is used in any type of reaction that causes a substance to change its phase. When heating a solid, energy is put into the substance, causing the substance to gain energy. If heating continues on the solid, a phase transition will occur and the solid will melt to a liquid. The amount of…
WARNING: The purpose of cheat sheets are to act as a study aid. By making your own cheat sheet, it will aid in both memorization and integration of key concepts. Simply copying this cheat sheet will likely not be of much use during a test. Please take the time to write out your own cheat…
Introduction: An acid-base titration is a procedure that can be conducted to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base. In an acid-base titration, a certain amount of a titrand with a known concentration is added to completely neutralize the titrand— the unknown concentration, reaching the equivalence point. The equivalence point is reached when…
Introduction: Kinetics in chemistry deals with the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs. This rate, which is referred to as the reaction rate, is defined as the change in concentration of a reactant or product with time and is measured in M/s. The rate of a reaction is proportional to the concentration of reactants.…
Introduction: According to Beer’s Law, A=Ebc, under ideal conditions, a substance’s concentration and its absorbance are directly proportional: a high-concentration solution absorbs more light, and solution of lower concentration absorbs less light. Since concentration and absorbance are proportional, Beer’s Law makes it possible to determine an unknown concentration of phosphate after determining the absorbance. The…
Introduction: The Ideal Gas Law can be used to find any missing variable when all of the others are present. The Ideal Gas Law is stated in the equation, PV=nRT, where P is the gas pressure in atmospheres, V is volume that the gas occupies in liters, n is the number of moles of…
Infertility is a condition that prevents people from conceiving. A person is infertile when they are unable to reproduce. One of the main treatments for infertility is IVF, in vitro fertilization. Some of the many reasons that a person would use IVF are blockage of sperm, not enough sperm, genetic disorders; damage in the Fallopian…
Gregor Mendel created two main laws prior to his experiments with his growing pea plants. The first law he created is the law of segregation. It states that the two members of a gene pair (alleles) segregate (separate) from each other in the formation of gametes. Half the gametes carry one allele, and the other…
Directions: Complete the following Dihybrid Cross problems. Identify the gametes from each parent. Complete a Punnett Square for the cross Identify the genotypes and phenotypes for the potential offspring. Find the phenotypic ratio for the potential offspring. Betta (Chinese/ Siamese fighting fish) Characteristics [Upper Case= Dominant & Lower Case= Recessive] B= Blue Tail b= black…
Balanced Diet: Suitable amounts of all nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, mineral salts, vitamins, fibre and water) required for normal healthy living.Autotrophic Feeding: Way of feeding; food is made by the plants themselves.Heterotrophic Feeding: Way of feeding; animals feed on ready-made food.Digestion: Large insoluble molecules of food are broken down into small moleculesEgestion: Food that can’t…
Somatropin, also known as Human Growth Hormone (HGH) or even sometimes just Growth Hormone (GH) is a hormone created in the pituitary gland dealing with growth. Before somatropin can be created, Human Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (HGHRH) and Somatostatin (SST) are released by the Hypothalamus. Many factors can influence HGH release, of which the main…
Purpose: To predict products of five reaction types and perform them HypothesisStation 1: Mg+ O2 -> 2MgOStation 2: NaHCO3 -> Na2CO3 + H2OStation 3: Pb(NO3)2 + KI -> PbI2 + KNO3Station 4: CH3OH + O2 -> CO2+ H2OStation 5: CuCl2 + Al -> AlCl2 + Cu Data Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 Station 5 Mg before(2cm)=0.038g…
The spiral bacteria are spirilla (singular form is spirillum) and the rod-shaped bacteria are bacilli (singular form is bacillus). The coccus (plural form is cocci) bacteria are spherical and are usually found in clusters or chains. Bacilli have a large surface area that helps them take in nutrients, but they may dry out easily. Cocci…
Aim To standardize a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution against a primary standard acid [Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (KHP)] using phenolphthalein as an indicator. Variables Independent variables Mass of KHP (mKHP) Volume of KHP solution Dependent variables Volume of NaOH added [since the colour change will not happen at exactly the same volume of NaOH added (VNaOH)]…
Since, the time of Sir Isaac Newton, the mysterious force of gravity has intrigued many physicists for centuries. The classical anecdote of the apple falling on Newton’s head led Newton to propose that some mysterious force must be pulling that apple downwards. While this was a great leap forward in the field of physics, Newton…
The properties of light have been understood by physicists to be completely fundamental to our understanding of the universe, however defining these properties have proven difficult to elucidate. What is light? What is light composed of? Does light obey classical physics? These questions are important to answer when considering physical phenomena that involve light. One…
Supernovas can occur in two different and distinct ways. One of the ways in which a supernova can be triggered is through the instantaneous ignition of a nuclear fusion reaction in a degenerate star (star at end of its life). For example, a white dwarf, in a binary system, may accumulate material from that companion…