The Air We Breathe Clean dry air is a mixture of 4 main gasses: 78.08% is Nitrogen 20.95% is Oxygen 0.934 is Argon 0.035% is Carbon Dioxide Water vapour, Neon, Helium, Methane, Krypton, Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Xenon, Ozone, Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur Oxides and Hydrogen Sulfide are found in trace amounts Air Pollution An imbalance in…
Plant History Canada has at least 5000 different plant species. These range from flowering plants, to large trees, to agricultural plants The earliest plant is believed to have evolved 430 million years ago The first land plants were mosses and ferns All land plant life can be traced back to those species. Classification of Plants:…
#1 Climate Change The increase in greenhouse gasses (mainly CO2, CH4, and NOs) due to the burning of fossil fuels is causing a general increase in the average global surface temperature More greenhouse gasses are causing more of the sun’s and earth’s radiation to be trapped in our atmosphere Some areas are expected to experience…
Random change Key factors that can cause evolution: –Small populations are more variable to changes in allele frequencies -non-random mating opportunities result in only those “preferred” traits being passed onto future populations –new alleles may be created when mutations occur (changes the frequencies of new and original alleles) -migration causes changes in the relative abundance…
Introduction Acidic pollutants can be deposited from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface in wet and dry forms. The common term to describe this process is acid deposition. The term acid precipitation is used to specifically describe wet forms of acid pollution that can be found in rain, sleet, snow, fog, and cloud vapor. An…
Humans are very reliant upon electricity. Think back to the blackout of August 2003 and recall how whole cities were shut down. Since we rely on electricity so much, it’s important to produce as much of it as possible and conserve it whenever we can. All energy sources are either renewable or nonrenewable. A renewable…
– Your home is one large electric circuit that is wired in parallel (multiple electron paths) – Today we’re going to look at how electricity is delivered to your homes. HOW ELECTRICITY FLOWS TO YOU – Electricity flows to every home through high-voltage wires. The wires are either above ground and span over cities in…
– As the human population keeps increasing (it’s over 6 billion people right now), we keep requiring more and more energy. – Using too much energy places stress on our energy production systems and may cause blackouts when we need the energy the most. HOW DO WE USE ELECTRICITY? – In order to conserve (save)…
– All electrical devices have an electric circuit, also known as a path for electrons to flow. – All circuits have at least four parts: An energy source (we’ll be using batteries which are also called “cells”). An electric load (an electrical device used to convert electricity to another form of energy. We’ll be using…
Everything in the universe is either matter or energy. We studied matter in the Chemistry unit; it is everything that we can touch, smell, taste, and see. Energy is the ability to do work and it comes in many different forms. Forms of energy include kinetic energy (energy of movement), light, heat, solar energy (from…
In the mid-1800s there were 64 known elements (today there are over 116 elements). Scientists kept having difficulties organizing the information about the 64 elements. They kept trying to organize them but found no pattern between them. Many chemicals have very similar colors, luster, and conductivity of electricity and heat. Scientists were able to classify…
– In 1817, Jakob Berzelius created an international system to represent all elements with symbols. – We still use his system today (all over the world), which involves elements being represented by one or two letters found in their name. The first letter is always capitalized. If there is a second letter, it is always…
About 100 years ago, scientists came up with a term for the smallest piece of matter: the atom. The word atom comes from the Greek word “atomus” which means “indivisible.” – Since scientists didn’t have very good laboratory equipment over one hundred years ago, they were slightly mistaken about atoms. The atom is the smallest…
– In order to get many chemicals to function the way we want them to, we need them to change. Example: no one would eat a raw hamburger. By applying heat to the ground beef, it turns into its finished product PHYSICAL CHANGES – Physical changes involve a change in state. Do you remember what the three…
A way to classify matter is to divide it into synthetic and natural materials. Natural materials are those found in nature. For example: wood, cotton (cotton grows on plants), rocks, wool, eggs, and even human beings. These materials are not made in a factory or a laboratory. Synthetic materials are those that are man-made. They…
Up to now, we’ve been looking at how matter reacts and changes on a large scale. Now, we’re going to examine why matter changes. To do this, we need to break matter down into its smallest units to understand how it works. THE PARTICLE MODEL All matter can be broken down into smaller pieces until…
– All pieces of matter have properties or characteristics. All matters can be talked about with descriptive terms. For example, describe the Johnson uniform: – Scientists have grouped properties into two categories: physical properties and chemical properties. – The properties you just described when talking about the Johnson uniform are what scientists call “physical properties.” …
– Astronomy is the study of the outer space outside of our planet. – It includes objects such as planets, moons, stars, comets and meteors, and uses instruments such as telescopes, satellites and space shuttles. – When you look up into the night sky, you can see various bright objects, most of which are stars.…
Most of the small twinkling lights in the sky at night are stars so far away from the Earth that you would never be able to get to them even if you travel at the speed of light (300 000m/s) for your entire life! The closest star to our planet is only 150 million kilometers…
– Just like the Earth, all the planets in the solar system (there are eight of them) rotate around their axes (therefore the planet’s day) and revolve around the Sun (therefore the planet’s year). – Planets revolve in a certain path around the Sun called an “orbit.” An “orbital period” is the time it takes…