Stem cells are highly controversial cells that have the potential to treat and even cure certain cell-related neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease (Devitt, 2006, p 14). Stem cells are identified by two main characteristics: they are undifferentiated cells that can replicate through mitosis, and they have the potential to become specialized…
Environmental ethics is a part of philosophy that deals with the moral views between humans and the environment. It is concerned with the way humans impact their natural environment and it seeks to help people become more aware of how the earth is slowly deteriorating. Philosophers have made numerous attempts to reveal the moral status…
These processes occur on the inner mitochondrial membrane. The ETC consists of four main protein complexes: I, NADH dehydrogenase, II, succinate dehydrogenase, III, cytochrome complex, and IV, cytochrome oxidase. In each protein complex, are cofactors, which transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to O2. NADH donates an electron to complex I, releasing NAD+ and an…
Chemical Basis of Cellular Respiration Allows for the extraction of energy from sugars (i.e glucose) by slowing oxidizing it This process converts potential chemical energy into ATP (which can be used by a majority of reactions) C-H bonds (those found in glucose) are the primary energy bond found in organic molecules (i.e glucose, octane etc.)…
Darwin’s Five Observations More young are produced than survive Individuals vary in their characteristics Some characteristics are better than others These characteristics are inheritable Long periods of time are available Darwin’s Two Major Points Many species of organisms presently inhabiting the earth are descendants of ancestral species that were different from modern species The mechanism…
Aerobic exercise and fitness can be contrasted with anaerobic exercise, of which strength training and weight training are the most salient examples. The two types of exercise differ by the duration and intensity of muscular contractions involved, as well as by how energy is generated within the muscle. Initially, during aerobic exercise, glycogen is broken…
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that occurs when the neurons within the brain responsible for producing the chemical dopamine become impaired or die. This disease progresses very slowly and most people who are ever diagnosed with it have been living with it for at least 20 years before severe symptoms start to show.…
Salt Poisoning Performed during the 2nd or beginning of the 3rd trimester of pregnancy A saline solution is inserted into the amniotic fluid surrounding the baby The baby breaths in this solution and painfully dies over a few hours from poisoning and dehydration The baby’s skin is burned off and the mother delivers the baby…
Toxicologists study poisons and conduct experiments on them to determine how safe or dangerous they could potentially be to animals, plants, and humans. Since chemicals are a vital part of everything we come into contact with, it is important to know the potential danger that is within our environment and what effects these dangers will…
Reaction Balanced Chemical Reaction Sign of Chemical Reaction Type of Chemical Reaction KI(aq) + Ag(aq) → KNO3(aq) + AgI(s) KI(aq) + Ag(aq) → KNO3(aq) + AgI(s) Change in colour: into an opaque yellow Liquid form Solid cannot be seen Double Displacement CoCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → CoSO4(aq) + NaCl (aq) CoCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → CoSO4(aq) +…
Introduction Pigs, one of the most similar animals to humans, have been used to inform and teach students about the circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems through a procedure called a dissection for many years. Pigs are similar to humans through the fact that they have skin, not fur or feathers, they are omnivores, and when…
Dehydration is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that is caused by the lack of water needed for the body to function well. If not treated, dehydration can cause high body temperature, sleepiness, visual snow, dizziness, unconsciousness, hypotension (decreased blood pressure), headaches, nausea, paresthesia (limbs tingling), shriveled and wrinkled skin, dim vision, incapability to urinate,…
Purpose The purpose of this lab is to learn how to prepare a wet mound, to learn proper staining techniques and to examine human cheek cells and onion skin cells. Hypothesis It is predicted that all cells, no matter if it be plant or animal, will be amalgamated in large groups. Also that most of…
Introduction Every somatic cell undergoes a phase called mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the nucleus to form two genetically identical nuclei. There are four phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Prior to mitosis is interphase (when the cell grows and duplicates all organelles), and post-mitosis is cytokinesis (when the cell membrane pinches…
Abstract Using the formula λ = ∆x L / d, we will determine the wavelength of a red laser to be 641nm. Using this information we will then determine the track spacing for a CD and DVD. We calculate the track spacing for the CD to be 1.5 μm and the track spacing for the…
Community: A group of species that occupy a given area, interacting either directly or indirectly Predation Consumption of one organism by another organism Predator-prey population oscillations Predators and prey are agents of natural selection for each other defense or attack strategies camouflage aposematic colouration Mimicry Batesian: One species is harmful the other is non-harmful Non-harmful…
Abstract The purpose of this lab will be to determine the mass of the cargo carried on a low friction cart by analyzing its momentum during an elastic collision. The momentum will be calculated by recording and analyzing a video, in LoggerPro3.6, of an elastic collision with two carts, one with the cargo and one…
Patterns in Macroevolution Fossils Trace of any organism that lived in the past 99% extinct, used as evidence for evolution Law of Succession: resemblance between living and fossil forms in the same region Relative Dating Fossils formed in sedimentary rock in which the sediments form layers that differ in colour, thickness and composition Principle of…
Properties The speed of light is measured through the equation: v = λ f. However, it turns out that when light is reflected off a surface its speed stays the same. This was first proven by Sir Isaac Newton. Under the assumption of perfectly elastic collision, the laws of reflection follow from the laws of…
As millions of tons of organic compounds find their way into the water systems of the world, the environmental problems that result are colossal. This negligence might not affect the environment directly, but they have long-term effects. Some of these problems include: Heavy metal accumulates in lakes and ponds nearby industry, and this build-up is…