In the novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, Zora Neale Hurston shows how the lives of American women changed in the early 20th century. Zora Neale Hurston creates a character in her own likeness in her masterpiece, Their Eyes Were Watching God. By presenting Janie’s search for identity, from her childbirth with Nanny to the death of Tea Cake, Hurston shows what a free southern black women might have experienced in the early decades of the century. To the racial ties that would affect Janie all the way through this life long search.
Janie’s search for identity actually started long before she was born. Because Janie’s search is her family’s search. Nanny and Janie’s mom gave 
Janie a reason to search. They were always held back by their owners, and their owners took advantage of them, and raped them. They raped them of their identity. Nanny signifies to evade the realities of her life and the life of Janie. When Nanny says, “Thank yuh, Massa Jesus,” she is illustrating that although she is no longer a slave, the slave consciousness has caused her to view even her relationship with the deity about slave and master. This makes Janie the leader of her family’s search. However Nanny realized this, and when she saw that Janie was old enough for love she had her married. This guaranteed that Janie would not continue a loss of identity.
Even as a young girl, living in the materialistic world of her Nanny and her first husband, Logan Killicks, Janie chooses to listen to “the words of the trees and the wind” (23-24). This is the first evidence of her searching beyond her boring life. This then leads to her everyday life left empty, because she is always looking farther than where she is at the time. So day by day she gets more worked up into leaving Logan, and searching for love. When she leaves Logan to run off with Joe, she thinks to herself, “Her old thoughts were going to come in handy now, but new words would have to be made and said to fit them” (31).
Joe aims to be a big voice and that is why he comes to Eatonville, Florida. He feels that he will have a better chance at being a big voice in an all black town than in a white man’s town. The problem is that he has adopted white man’s values and forces them upon the townspeople and, most notably, upon his wife Janie. Hurston points out the irony of Joe’s dilemma: “Starks is able to ‘set himself up as lord, master, and proprietor’ everywhere in Eatonville, and not just in his general store. His power in Eatonville approximates the white man’s almost total institutional control of America” (27-28). This relationship was just another setback in Janie’s epic search. Nevertheless, when her marriage to Joe collapses, she again decides, “So new thoughts had to be thought and new words said” (77).
After a long stretch of pointless and endless days in her search, Joe dies. This is one of the greatest days in her search. By now Janie’s relationship with Tea Cake was growing into her greatest love yet. When she falls in love with Tea Cake, she tells her friend Pheoby, “He done taught me de maiden language all over” (109). Her search seemed very close to a peaceful end. However, it was far from over, Tea Cake became ill after being bitten by a rabid dog, he feared that he had been conjured. He was suspicious that Janie wanted to be free of him so that she could marry a lighter skinned man. In an attempt to quell his fear, Janie said, “Maybe it wuz uh witch ridin’ yuh, honey. Ah’ll see can’t Ah find some mustard seed whilst Ah’s out” (166).
Janie’s search for an identity for herself, free of the ideas she had grown up with, ties into bigger issues, important for her race as a whole. Nanny’s vision of Janie’s care free life on a porch somewhere is associated with being white; somehow the other lives of women are made to be less honorable along with their racial ties. Janie’s straight hair becomes tied up with whiteness, and because of the society’s racial pecking order, her hair is a form of power against which her first two husbands strive. It is only toward the end, when Janie both lets her hair down and condemns Nanny’s vision, that Janie sheds the same restrictions that continue to doom others to personal stagnation. In one compelling novel, Hurston ties together the important issues facing her generation without distracting from the tale of one woman’s struggle with them.
