Political Culture
- Culture:
- ‘patterns of beliefs and behaviour’
- Institutional arrangements
- Social traits
- Political culture = cultural attitudes towards politics & government
- Attitudes, beliefs, values, norms about political issues and ideas
- Cultural differences among different groups and states
- Ideology
- Three categories of political culture:
- Parochial = negative + low
- Subject = positive + low
- Participatory = positive + high
- Civic = combo
- Three typologies of political culture viz social values & engagement activity:
- Polyarchal =
- Fragmented
- Collectivist
- Inglehart
- Materialist culture
- Post-materialist culture
- Social Capital
- Putnam
- De Tocqueville
- Some Values:
- Multiculturalism
- Assimilation
- Secularization
Political Socialization
- Relationship with political culture > intergenerational transmission
- Macro level = political system agents & ideas
- Individual level = human relationships & non-state actors
Law
- Rule + enforcement + coercion/violence
- Usually codify:
- Habit
- Custom
- Regularity
- Enforcement:
- Retribution
- Restitution
- Rehabilitation
- Restraint
- Laws may be followed without knowing the rule
- Laws may develop over time, and be entrenched, without deliberate creation
- Types of law:
- Customary:
- Experience, habits, regularities
- Tacit reason < no command, not written
- Legislation:
- Deliberative & conscious law
- Spoken by an authority
- Written down
- Customary:
- Common law
- England’s system, exported around the world
- Combination of customary law & legislation
- Precedents
- Statutes = legislation
- Law code = set of interrelated rules < not Common law
- Sources of law:
- Natural law
- Positive law
