- Chrematitic (Chremata= money)
- Either sponsored by a city-state or a sanctuary
- Greeks were most proud of their stephanitic victory but also were proud of their chrematitic victories (Greek athlete mixed his prizes from both type of event together)
- Fame of the chrematitic games usually depended on how much prize money was offered
- If sponsored by sanctuary, the games greatly resembled the stephanitic games (BUT: there was prize money, participants were not protected by sacred truce)
The Asklepeia
- Ran by small city state of Epidauros
- Asklepios: bastard son of Apollo and a mortal woman, became hero-god of healing
- Sanctuary of Asklepios was constructed in the 4th century: best preserved monument is theatre
- Abaton: sick would spend the night here while being cured (i.e by wound licking by snakes/ dogs or dreams & visions)
- Privately run and women were allowed in sanctuary, not sure if they were allowed to take part in events
- Animal sacrifices were made and took place 9 days after Isthmia
- Composed of nude competitions & musical events (NO horse events)
- Had hysplex, balbis, skamma etc.
The Panathenaia
- Most important money game
- Held in honour of Athena
- A lot of visual evidence about the events; thanks to Amphoras
- Began in 566BC (only for Athenians but then opened to all Greeks)
- 4th year= Greater Panathenaia (included nude, horse, musical competitions)
- Musical events had money prizes and prizes for 1st, 2nd, 3rd. 4th (given gold crown and varying amount of drachmas & silver drachmas (total value EXCEEDED MILLIONS)
- Only foot race event was stadion, but full pentathlon [ALL EVENTS= 3 age groups]
- Would receive varying amounts of amphoras based on place or age group
- Amphoras: one side= Athena / other side= Event of victor
- Amphora= trophy / oil inside= cash prize (holds 38.4L)
- Horse events mimicked the Crown Games (NOTE: horse winner received the biggest monetary value of the entire event
- Ten athlethetai (prize producers) were selected from each tribe of Athens (held office for 4 years) Responsible: for game organization, vase production, prize presentation)
- These men were feed for free at Prytanieon at public expense
- Archons (chief magistrates) were appointed to paint the vases over a 4 year period while oil was gathered
- Competition took place inside the city (marble seating was donated)
- Lesser Panathenaia (civic competitions): only open to Greeks; prizes were smaller, other events were included with were more military in nature
- Competition for akon thrower from horseback (winner: based on accuracy- NO ankyle); men wore petasos (hat) and boys wore chlamys (cloaks)
- Pyrrhiche (pyrrhic dances): open to ALL AGES. Military ballet in helmets/ shields with coordinated movements or acrobatics (1 team per tribe) events was paid for by choregos (citizen-sponsor)
- Euandria: “Beautiful manliness or manly beauty” (beauty pageant, involving strength)
- Not depicted on amphora; most handsome; was allowed the bear sacred objects in the Panathenaic procession
- Lampadedromia (torch race) 10 teams, 1 pre tribe, ~40 members per team; ran through city pass memorial cemetery of Athens in city (2.5 kilometers; ~60m per member) torches must keep bearing or team is disqualified (no amphora paintings or awarded)
- Not sure if entire team, individual runner, or anchor received the prize (at altar stands a base hydria (water jar) and archon basileus (king archon)
- Runner wear headgear to mark their tribal team (victor delivers a torch that awaits him to Athena and MILLER: believes prize is awarded to the anchor runner)
- RACE: from gymnasion of Akademy to Athena’s altar (flame symbolizes life)
- Hoplomachina (armed combat/ fencing) [amphora was shorter than usual, question whether it is a part of the Panathenaic
- Apobates: four horses driven by a charioteer, accompanied by armed warrior (1 per tribe, ~700m event, warrior would dismount at specified places; run alongside chariot and then remount (may have occurred several times, warrior would finally dismount and run to the finish line)
- Anthippasia: horse event. Two sides: 5 tribes for time; performing trained military exercises (older man leading a team of youth)
- FINAL Event: boat race at sea. (~50km), suggested warship (trireme, with 170-198 boatsmen (prize: two hundred free meals (sacrificed oxen) & two drachma)
The Eleutheria
- Held by Larissa -> Eleutheria (Freedom) Games in honor of Zeus
- ONLY citizens of Larissa could participate (stadio, diaulos, pyx, pankration [for men 7 boys])
- Trumpet & Herald events, but NO music events
- Also had: torch race for boys, apobates, cavalry marksmanship, cavalry charge, infantry charge, archery [BUT NO TEAM EVENTS]
- Special events: 1) torch race on horseback 2) taurotheria (bull hunt) -> horse rider would chase a bull around an enclosure until it became tired, bring horse and bull together and form hippotauric synoris; then ride would jump from his horse onto the neck of the bull and bring it to the ground
The Karneia
- Held by Sparta
- Farming, Harvesting and most work was done by indigenous servants
- Spartans developed a legendary military force with all their leisure time
- Many games; but lack a comprehensive program
- Most important events= Hyakinthia & Karneia
- Both were sacred to Apollo; had horse and musical events
- Karneia is better known about. Has stadion, dialous, dolichos, macros (long distance foot race), pente dolichos (5 times the length of dolichos)
- Spartans put great emphasize on long-distance running
- No Spartan won hoplitodromos at Olympia
- Many Running and Pentathlon victories for Sparta
- Spartans did not compete in boxing or pankration at the Panhellenic games or host them locally
- Spartans refused to compete either event
- Held their own Rugby like event; sphaireis (ball players) compete in game with episkyros
- There was punching & shoving
- Platanistas (plane-tree grove); teams of ephebes; two teams at a time; and objective was to push the opposing team off the island (fighting, kicking, biting, gouging)
- Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia: rites of passage by young to steal CHEESE from the altar; while being whipped by friends and family. Go until their succeed or until death
- Victor -> bomonikes (altar winner)
- These games also were used to train men and boys into military service when needed
Money games: more military-like, subjective competitions, prizes for multiple places than Olympia
