Asthma

– results in contraction of smooth muscle that surrounds airways – makes breathing difficult

– allergic reaction

– treat with bronchodilators – causes airways to dilate (increase in diameter)

Bronchitis

– inflammation of bronchial lining + overproduction of mucous and frequent coughing

– related to smoking and other irritants (air pollution etc)

– increased mucous production – blocks airways and reduces respiratory efficiency

– can treat with bronchodilators

Emphysema

– associated with chronic bronchitis

– difficult for air to pass through and reach alveoli

– cilia no longer work – do not filter debris – debris builds up in air tubes – causes constriction of bronchioles – less air gets to alveoli

READ:
History of Cystic Fibrosis & Cholera

– air pressure builds up and lungs appear inflated -walls of alveoli tear and become damaged – decreases surface area for gas exchange – breathing rate increases to compensate – heart must also work harder than normal

Cystic Fibrosis

– autosomal recessive genetic disorder

– abnormally thick mucous blocks airways – not easily removed by cilia

– excess mucous leads to recurrent lung infections – persistent coughing, wheezing

Environmental Hazards

Asbestos

– used to insulate buildings

– can lead to lung cancer

Silica – major component of rocks and soil

– irritates respiratory tract

READ:
Genetic Disorders: Causes

Smoking

– cilia stop beating

-increased mucous production

– cancer

– second hand smoke has higher concentration of substances than first hand smoke

author avatar
William Anderson (Schoolworkhelper Editorial Team)
William completed his Bachelor of Science and Master of Arts in 2013. He current serves as a lecturer, tutor and freelance writer. In his spare time, he enjoys reading, walking his dog and parasailing. Article last reviewed: 2022 | St. Rosemary Institution © 2010-2024 | Creative Commons 4.0

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