A Mother in a Refugee Camp – Chinua Achebe: Poem Analysis

Themes: Death/Human Suffering, Parent/child, Courage, Religious Imagery, Vivid Imagery

Type: Blank Verse

Form – 2 stanzas – different lengths – lines aren’t long – clearly explains with simple meanings

Background

• Written by Chinua Achebe
• This is a heartbreaking poem about a young mother in a refugee camp and her devotion to her dying child

Language

• The poem uses simple language to convey the unbearable sadness of the scene
• Emotionally touching and descriptive
• Repetition of words “washed/unwashed”, “ghost and “mother are like sad little repetitive echoes throughout the poem
• Sensory language – smells and sights
• Sickening images evoked contrast with the mother’s spirit
• Poet relies heavily on enjambment to create effects

Devotion

• The mother’s utter devotion to her dead or dying child is heartbreaking and tragic
• Mixed emotions – unbearable sadness and horror of the situation and admiration for the mother’s courage and love

Imagery

• The Madonna and Child is a piece of religious imagery
• Gives the mother & child a superhuman goodness/sacrifice taking them beyond the camp
• The conventional image of Madonna and Child shows a sad-sweet expression – she knew she was going to lose her child – mirrored in this poem
• Jesus was born in a stable, conditions not far removed from the poem
• Skeletal images – “skull”, “rib” and “grave”
• Contrasts – between normality (combing her child’s hair) and the horror of the refugee camp
• Repetition “ghost” implying that the mother and child will soon be ghosts