Introduction Pigs, one of the most similar animals to humans, have been used to inform and teach students about the circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems through a procedure called a dissection for many years. Pigs are similar to humans through the fact that they have skin, not fur or feathers, they are omnivores, and when…
Introduction Every somatic cell undergoes a phase called mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the nucleus to form two genetically identical nuclei. There are four phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Prior to mitosis is interphase (when the cell grows and duplicates all organelles), and post-mitosis is cytokinesis (when the cell membrane pinches…
Abstract Using the formula λ = ∆x L / d, we will determine the wavelength of a red laser to be 641nm. Using this information we will then determine the track spacing for a CD and DVD. We calculate the track spacing for the CD to be 1.5 μm and the track spacing for the…
Abstract The purpose of this lab will be to determine the mass of the cargo carried on a low friction cart by analyzing its momentum during an elastic collision. The momentum will be calculated by recording and analyzing a video, in LoggerPro3.6, of an elastic collision with two carts, one with the cargo and one…
Introduction The transformation of bacterial cells is a useful experiment to help develop an understanding of transformation by plasmid DNA. This experiment involved four different scenarios of bacterial cells on agar plates. The scenarios were as follows, one plate with a plasmid, one without and one plate with ampicillin and plasmid, and one with ampicillin…
Part A: Determining the complete rate law The order of reaction with respect to the iodate ion, m, must be determined for the following rate. It is assumed that the order of reaction with respect to the bisulfate is zero, thus n is zero. Sample calculation done for the first C2 value and the first…
Purpose The purpose of this investigation is to explore the percent yield of the precipitate in the reaction. Introduction For known amounts of reactants, theoretical amounts of products can be calculated in a chemical reaction or process. Calculated amounts of products are called theoretical yield. In these calculations, the limiting reactant is the limiting factor…
Purpose The purpose of this investigation is to determine the effect that varying temperatures have on the rate of a reaction. Introduction Based on the Kinetic Molecular Theory, the central idea of the collision model is that molecules must collide to react. Therefore, the greater number the number of collisions per second, the greater the…
Planning A: Refer to lab handout entitled, Heat of Reaction for the Formation of Magnesium Oxide. Planning B: Refer to lab handout entitled, of Reaction for the Formation of Magnesium Oxide. Data Collection: Quantitative Table I: Compound Trial Mass±0.001g Volume of HCl±0.5mL Temperature of HCl±0.5°C Time (seconds) Temperature of solution±0.5°C MgO 1 1.020 100.0 21.0…
Introduction Vinegar is a common household item containing acetic acid as well as some other chemicals. This experiment is designed to determine the molar concentration of acetic acid in a sample of vinegar by titrating it with a standard solution of NaOH. CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) -> CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l) By adding the sodium hydroxide, which…
Question: What effect does the concentration of a substance have on the overall rate of a reaction? Hypothesis A higher concentration of a given substance may cause a reaction to proceed at a faster rate when compared to a reaction with a lower concentration of the same given substance. This would be because there would…
LAB #1 (LAB #2 #3 below) Equipment: Kinematics Cart 2 500g bar masses Kinematics Track 50g hanger Several 100g masses String Pulley iBook Computer USB Cable Motion sensor Purpose: How will the acceleration of an object’s mass (m) change when the net force acting on it changes? Prediction: We predict that the acceleration of an…
Introduction In this lab, double replacement reactions between compounds were done in order to determine the equation and description of a new substance. During the lab, each participant was given drop bottles, spot plates. The drop bottles contained different compounds which were dropped into the spot plates and mixed together. Compounds were combined together and…
Introduction: An ester is an organic compound that is created from a reaction between an acid and an alcohol, usually with the loss of water. Many esters contain veer distinct odors, which has led to them being used for artificial flavoring and fragrances. Esters can be synthesized artificially in labs by combining alcohols and acids…
Observations Volume and Temperature Trial T1 (temperature of the air in the flask of boiling water in Celsius) 99ᵒC T2( temperature of air in cooled flask in Celsius) 7ᵒC A(volume of water in flask at T2) 73 mL V1(volume of air in flask at T1) 250 mL V2( Volume of air in flask at T2)…
Introduction Aqueous calcium hydroxide, also known as lime water is used to verify the presence of carbon dioxide gas, (carbon dioxide reacts with the calcium hydroxide to produce calcium carbonate) this is achieved by bubbling the gas through the solution, if the solution turns cloudy then the precipitate calcium carbonate has formed, thus carbon dioxide…
Introduction: Surface tension refers to water’s ability to “stick to itself”, due to the forces of cohesion. Surface tension can be measured and observed by dropping water (drop by drop) onto a penny. The number of water drops that can fit on a penny will surprise you. Initial Observation: Observe surface tension by seeing how…
What Is a Real Hypothesis? A hypothesis is a tentative statement that proposes a possible explanation for some phenomenon or event. A useful hypothesis is a testable statement that may include a prediction. When Are Hypotheses Used? The keyword is testable. That is, you will perform a test of how two variables might be related.…
The laboratory is a safe place to experiment if you are careful and familiar with all the equipment. You must assume responsibility for the safety of yourself and your neighbours. This paper outlines the steps to use for safety and first aid in this classroom. Student bags or backpacks and coats are not permitted in…
Introduction In physics, any increase or decrease in velocity is referred to as acceleration or deceleration. The rate of acceleration is measured in m/s² or km/m/s respectively. The average acceleration of an object can be derived from the formula: Purpose To identify the correlation between the movement of the cart and the appearance of the…