Planes of the Body
- ~ 200 bones in the body
- Supports the muscles
- Three other vital functions:
- Protection
- Blood-cell production
- Mineral Storage
Protection
- Protect organs in the body (i.e. the skull protects the brain and the ribs protect the lungs)
Blood-Cell Production
- In the bone marrow they produce blood cells (red, white and plasma) and release them into the blood stream
Mineral Storage
- Your bones store large amounts of calcium and phosphorus
- These minerals are responsible for your bones’ strength and rigidity
- When your diet lacks calcium, your bones dissolves calcium into your blood stream, which will ultimately weaken them
Bones
- There are 4 parts that make up bones
- Periosteum
- Compact Bone
- Spongy Bone
- Bone Marrow
Periosteum
- Is a tough membrane that covers bones
Compact Bone
- Contains living bone cells , Osteocytes
- These bone cells are hard and dense
Spongy Bones
- Is porous and less dense
- Holds the bone marrow
Bone Marrow
- Soft spongy material
- Contains immature stem cells that develop into blood cells
Cartilage
- Supports force of bone of bone impact (i.e. the knee)
- When we are born are bones begin as cartilage and as we grow it is replaced by compact bone
- This process occurs into the late teens and early 20’s
Joints
- Allow for movement
- There are 4 types of joints
- Ball and socket – shoulder
- Pivot – elbow
- Gliding – vertebrae
- Hinge – Knee
Ligaments
- Strong bands of connective tissue that can stretch
- They hold bones together (i.e. Femur and tibia and fibula)
Muscular System
- There are 3 types of muscle
- Cardiac Muscles
- This is the muscle that makes the heart beat and it is only found in the heart!
- Controlled by the heart’s electrical impulse
Smooth Muscle
- Is found in the lining of organs such as the stomach, small intestine and arteries
- Controlled automatically by the brain
Muscular System
- There are 3 types of muscle
- Skeletal Muscle
- These are attached to bones
- Controlled conscious control
- Muscles are connected to bones via tendons
Antagonist Muscle Groups
- Most skeletal muscles are in pairs that work against each other
- When one is contracted the other one is relaxed
- i.e. biceps and triceps
- These paired muscles move the joints
- The muscle the beds the joint is called a flexor
- The muscle that straightens the joint is called an extensor
Thanks!