Planes of the Body

  • ~ 200 bones in the body
  • Supports the muscles
  • Three other vital functions:
  • Protection
  • Blood-cell production
  • Mineral Storage

Protection

  • Protect organs in the body (i.e. the skull protects the brain and the ribs protect the lungs)

Blood-Cell Production

  • In the bone marrow they produce blood cells (red, white and plasma) and release them into the blood stream

Mineral Storage

  • Your bones store large amounts of calcium and phosphorus
  • These minerals are responsible for your bones’ strength and rigidity
  • When your diet lacks calcium, your bones dissolves calcium into your blood stream, which will ultimately weaken them

Bones

  • There are 4 parts that make up bones
  • Periosteum
  • Compact Bone
  • Spongy Bone
  • Bone Marrow

Periosteum

  • Is a tough membrane that covers bones

Compact Bone

  • Contains living bone cells , Osteocytes
  • These bone cells are hard and dense

Spongy Bones

  • Is porous  and less dense
  • Holds the bone marrow

Bone Marrow

  • Soft spongy  material
  • Contains immature stem cells that develop into blood cells
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Cartilage

  • Supports force of bone of bone impact (i.e. the knee)
  • When we are born are bones begin as cartilage and as we grow it is replaced by compact bone
  • This process occurs into the late teens and early 20’s

Joints

  • Allow for movement
  • There are 4 types of joints
  • Ball and socket – shoulder
  • Pivot – elbow
  • Gliding – vertebrae
  • Hinge – Knee

Ligaments

  • Strong bands of connective tissue that can stretch
  • They hold bones together (i.e. Femur and tibia and fibula)

Muscular System

  • There are 3 types of muscle
    • Cardiac Muscles
    • This is the muscle that makes the heart beat and it is only found in the heart!
    • Controlled by the heart’s electrical impulse

Smooth Muscle

  • Is found in the lining of organs such as the stomach, small intestine and arteries
  • Controlled automatically by the brain

Muscular System

  • There are 3 types of muscle
    • Skeletal Muscle
    • These are attached to bones
    • Controlled conscious control
    • Muscles are connected to bones via tendons
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Antagonist Muscle Groups

  • Most skeletal muscles are in pairs that work against each other
  • When one is contracted the other one is relaxed
  • i.e. biceps and triceps
  • These paired muscles move the joints
  • The muscle the beds the joint is called a flexor
  • The muscle that straightens the joint is called an extensor
author avatar
William Anderson (Schoolworkhelper Editorial Team)
William completed his Bachelor of Science and Master of Arts in 2013. He current serves as a lecturer, tutor and freelance writer. In his spare time, he enjoys reading, walking his dog and parasailing. Article last reviewed: 2022 | St. Rosemary Institution © 2010-2024 | Creative Commons 4.0

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