IMPORTANT LEGISLATION Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 12 Everyone has the right not to be subjected to any cruel and unusual treatment or punishment. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Article 5 “No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment.” Geneva Conventions (1949) Article 99,…
Legal Issues that arise out of divorce Custody of children – who gets the kids? Division of property – who gets the house? Spousal support – which spouse pays which spouse? Child support – who pays for the kids? How to get a divorce. There is NO SUCH THING as a contested divorce in most…
Classical theory has evolved into rational choice and deterrence theories: many criminals carefully calculate the costs and benefits of engaging in criminal activity. People who are willing to break the law value the thrill and excitement, and are willing to take greater risks than other people – only if benefits outweigh risks. Otherwise only an…
Classic Criminology: 1. Cesare Beccaria human beings were primarily driven by self-interest, but would be rational in their actions; suggested role of government was to act on behalf and in best interest of all citizens; law should act as a sufficient deterrent to those likely to break it, and the punishment should be proportionately greater…
Homicide (the killing of another person), that is not criminal, but caused completely by accident or in self defence. Accident: An undesirable or unfortunate happening that occurs unintentionally and usually results in injury, damage, or loss. An act that results in injury that is in no way the fault of the perpetrator or victim, for…
Actus Reus: a wrongful deed Mens Rea: a guilty mind Actus Reus can be a physical act (hitting someone), a failure to act (watching someone being hit), or a state of being (having stolen property in your possession). It must be shown that a person committed an act prohibited by law. Mens Rea is the…
Political Culture Culture: ‘patterns of beliefs and behaviour’ Institutional arrangements Social traits Political culture = cultural attitudes towards politics & government Attitudes, beliefs, values, norms about political issues and ideas Cultural differences among different groups and states Ideology Three categories of political culture: Parochial = negative + low Subject = positive + low Participatory =…
Centralization: What Form? Issue: how much centralization of power into the hands of a State government? classification = 4 types 1. Unitary central State government = all powers & govern whole state no legal challenger in political system, unlcss created by central government most common form: 150 states often: no constitution but traditional rules egs?…
Classification Typology: classification system for claiming broad similarities or differences Aristotle’s typology based on two questions: who rules? in whose interest? Who Rules Lawful (common good) Lawless (private interest) One Monarchy Tyranny Few Aristocracy Oligarchy Many Polity Democracy modern concept of “democracy” = polity — constitutional democracy Dickerson and Flanagan’s modern typology Political System: Liberal…
In the process of choosing a President, there are three phases, the campaign, the general election, and the declaring of the president. The first step, the campaign, is a long and strenuous process. A campaign generally begins 20 months before the actual presidential election. In the early months, a candidate will raise funds and make…
The two major parties in the United States, the Republicans and the Democrats, vary widely on all issues. The Democrats align themselves to the left and center of the political spectrum, while the Republicans are further to the right. The Republican Party has a more conservative viewpoint, while the Democratic viewpoint is more liberal. The…
In the United States, there is an election every four years to determine the president of the country. This statement does not tell the full story of the steps which need to be taken to become the president. It is a process which begins about two years before the actual election itself. The first step…
He must be a person of some stature or high position such as a king, general, or nobleman. He must be a good person. He must matter to us and we must see him as a worthwhile person. Because of his position, his actions usually have far-reaching effects. He must possess a character trait or…
Salvation and Eternal Life & the Last Judgment Christians believe that Jesus was human and that he suffered in his last days in order to accomplish forgiveness of sin Adam and Eve disobeyed God and as a result, broke the relationship between Humanity and God. Jesus was sent to mend that relationship and forgive sin…
Domestic violence can be defined as the use of physical abuse in an intimate relationship including emotional, psychological and sexual abuse (Bopp, et al., 2006). Over the past few decades, the issue of domestic violence has become more prominent in our society. This issue within the Aboriginal community has been increasing more rapidly than ever…
Claims Society Politics Government Sovereignty(citizenship) The stats Power Claims Empirical = factual claims pointing to actual evidence Normative = evaluative (moral evaluation) Combination of both in all claims about politics, etc. Make a balance of both Society 2 or more people developing/having a social relationship with each other voluntary & spontaneous you create societies with…
Income Support System · Employment Insurance (EI) · provides a level of income replacement to those workers who are temporarily out of work and meet strict eligibility conditions · Social Assistance (SA) · provides minimal income support to those who do not qualify for Employment Insurance Key Concepts · Employment: any legal activity carried out…
Terrorism is a predominant issue on the agendas of global leader’s in the 21st century. The US and its allies consider terrorism as a top priority, primarily due to the 9/11 attacks on the US. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) consists of the US, Canada, and 23 other European allies. Defence against terrorism became…
The dramatic fallacy: offenses in the media that are publicized are far more dramatic than those commonly found in real life= ex: shoot out, romantic murder The cops-and-courts fallacy: warns us against overrating the latter, except as a responsive set of agencies: ex: few convictions based on trials they are plea-bargained The not me fallacy:…
Defamation is an unjustified or untrue attack on someone’s reputation. It may be an intentional or unintentional attack that lowers a person’s reputation, cause people to avoid him or her, or expose that person to hatred, contempt, or ridicule. If your reputation has been damaged, you may sue for damages, but you will only get…