Personality – the distinctive and relatively enduring ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that characterize a person’s responses to life situations Aspects of personality have three characteristics: Seen as components of identity that distinguish that person from other people Behaviours viewed as being caused primarily by internal rather than environmental factors Behaviours seem to fit…
Historical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders The Demonological View Abnormal behaviour was claimed to be work of the devil Procedure called trephination drilled hole in skull to release evil spirits Early Biological Views Hippocrates suggested that mental illnesses are diseases just like physical disorders Believed that site of illness was the brain Biological emphasis increased after…
Mental health professionals fall into several categories: Counseling and clinical psychologists – typically hold a Ph.D. or Psy.D. Psychiatrists – medical doctors who specialize in psychotherapy and biomedical treatments Therapist, counselor, psychotherapist, hypnotist are NOT protected terms APA membership: 29% eclectic (combined), 21% psychodynamic, 16% behavioural, 13% cognitive, 12% humanistic, 9% other Psychodynamic Therapies Psychoanalysis…
Functionalism: -The sociological theory that ties to explain how a society is organized to perform functions effectively. This theory focuses on how the structures function within society. It is the oldest sociological theory and is also used by anthropologists. – These structures, for example: the law, political system, and family; called institutions. – assumes that…
ANTHROPOLOGICAL: The study of human behavior in societies, therefore it is the study of culture, the arts beliefs habits institutions and other endeavours that are characteristic of a specific community, society, or nation. – studies highlight the diversity of behaviors that fulfill the functional requisites of society. – ethnocentrism: the tendency to evaluate behavior from…
– large changes in the family system, especially in the status and roles of women and children. – economy shifted from one based on agriculture and commerce to one based on factory production in towns and cities. This caused work to become something that was done outside the home to earn a wage to provide…
1. Responsible for the addition of new members through reproduction. Society must maintain a stable population in order to survive. Population growth provides a competitive advantage that usually enables a society to become wealthier. 2. Provide physical care for their members, including adults, children, and dependent elderly. When families are unable to care for their…
Lord Shiva represents the aspect of the Supreme Reality that continuously dissolves to recreate the cyclic process of creation, preservation, destruction and recreation of the universe. The words destroyer and destruction have become associated with him. Creation sustains itself by a delicate balance between the forces of good and evil. When this balance is disturbed…
Lord Vishnu represents the aspect of the Supreme Reality that preserves and sustains the universe. The front two arms signify the lord’s activity in the physical world and the two back arms signify his activity in the spiritual world. A conch (upper left hand) indicates his communication with his devotees – reminds them to live…
Lord Brahma symbolizes the aspect of the Supreme Reality that brings forth the creation. His divine consort is Saraswati, the Goddess of learning and knowledge. Goddess Saraswati provides Lord Brahma with knowledge that is necessary for the process of creation. The four faces represent the sacred knowledge of the four Vedas (Rig, Yajur, Sama, and…
Thomas Malthus Biography Thomas Malthus was a political economist where he became well known around the world because of his economical views on population growth. Thomas Malthus was born on February 13, 1776 in Surrey, England. He was known as Thomas Malthus but throughout his lifetime he went by his middle name, which was Robert.…
Biography: Ted Thomas Dixon was born in 1956, British Columbia, in Victoria. He currently resides in a rural town outside of Toronto, Canada with his wife and son. Following his study at the University of Victoria, in the late 1970’s he moved to Ottawa. In 1980 Tad received a B.A. degree in Political Science from…
Biography: Samuel Huntington was born on April 18, 1927. He was a political scientist who was known for his analysis of the relationship between the military and the civil government. He graduated from Yale University and received a doctorate from Harvard where he taught. Huntington was 81 years old when he passed away in 2008…
Biography: Paul Ralph Ehrlich was born in Philadelphia on May 29, 1932. He is currently the professor of population studies in the department of biological sciences at Stanford University and president of the Centre of Conservation Biology. He is the researcher and author of the book “The Population Bomb” in 1968. He has a B.A,…
Biography Julian Lincoln Simon is a well known theorist who was born on February 12, 1932. He worked as a professor of business administration at the University of Maryland and a Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute. Throughout his lifetime, he had written many books and articles mostly with economic topics. His most prominent topics…
Debates concerning multiculturalism are sure to spark controversy. In today’s modern societies multicultural views are seen as progressive and those who oppose these ideas are frequently seen as archaic and ignorant. But what is multiculturalism by definition; does it even have one? The sensitive debates surrounding multiculturalism have only emerged in political discussions in recent…
Becoming Human There are two basic approaches to understanding how we develop our personalities – broadly defined as an individual’s relatively stable pattern of behaviours and feelings – and become members of the larger society These are the biological approach and the environmental approach, traditionally referred to as the nature vs. nurture debate o The…
Avenues to Knowledge and Reasoning The kinds of research questions you will ask will always depend on the theoretical perspective from which you are working Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches Quantitative refers to numerical data involves converting aspects of social life into numbers and determining whether a significant relationship exists between sets of numbers Qualitative refers…
What is Culture? Culture is generally regarded as a complex collection of values, beliefs, behaviours, and material objects shared by a group and passed on from one generation to the next There is nothing good or bad about culture – it just is what it is Origins of Culture and Its Defining Features No one…
What is a Minority? Minority – a definable category of people who are socially disadvantaged Membership in a minority group has two components: the group lacks social power, and it is definable as being distinct from the majority Majority – a definable category of people who are socially advantaged For sociologists, the defining feature of…