Main Ideas: Sigmund Freud believed that hidden forces are the cause of human behavior, rather than the obvious forces. Unconscious thoughts reveal themselves in something called the free association, such as dreams where you talk and think freely. He believed that personality consists of three major systems. The Structure of Personality: id- this starts at…
Kohlberg’s six-stage theory was an extension of Jean Piaget’s cognitive development theory (how people learn and use knowledge is affected by both social and psychological factors). Kohlberg extended on Piaget’s theory, proposing that moral development is a continual process that occurs throughout the lifespan (the stage you are in life determines your level of moral…
Erikson’s theories are the best-known theories of personality and development. Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of predetermined stages. His theories are psychosocial, and not psychosexual. Describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan. In each stage of development, Erikson described conflicts that act as turning points in life. In Erikson’s…
The parable of the workers in the vineyard is about several workers who are hired by a man who owns a vineyard, over different periods of time. At the end of the day the people who are hired first expect to be paid more than those hired later. But, the man pays all of the…
The parable of the prodigal son is about a young man who demands his father’s inheritance while he is still living. He takes the money and foolishly squanders it. He comes back and repents to his father and is taken in with open arms. Meanwhile, the father has a second son, who becomes jealous of…
The parable of the unmerciful servant is about a servant whose master ordered him to pay back 10 000 talents of money. The servant could not pay the money and asked his master for mercy. The master told him he did not have to pay off the debt. Then another servant who owed the servant,…
The parable of the ten virgins is a story about ten virgins who are awaiting a bridegroom’s arrival. There are five virgins who are prepared for the arrival and they await him with a jar of oil. The five virgins who are not prepared do not have a jar of oil and leave to go…
The parable of the lost coin is the story of a woman who loses one of her ten silver coins. She looks through her entire house and rejoices when she finds the coin. After finding this coin, the lady makes it seem like one coin has become more valuable than all of the other nine…
The parable of the two sons is about a father who tells his first son to go work in the vineyard. The son says he does not want to, but he winds up working on it anyway. When the father tells his second son to go work on the vineyard, he tells him he will…
The parable of drawing in the net is a story told by Jesus about a fisherman who catches many fish from the lake. He keeps the ones which he likes and he throws away the ones which are bad. The significance of this story to me is the judgment theme. The fisherman in this parable…
The parable of the unjust judge is a parable told by Jesus about a judge who did not fear God, nor care for his fellow man. He is approached by a lady, who asks him to grant her justice. The judge decides to grant her justice so that she will stop bothering him. God accepts…
The parable of the wise and foolish builders is a parable told by Jesus telling people to listen to his advice. Jesus takes the man who built his house on the rock as an example. In extreme conditions the man whose house was built on a rock survived through the storm. The foolish builder built…
The Good Samaritan is the story of a man who was robbed and beaten and left for dead. While he is lying there clinging to life, he is passed by several people of the prominent ethnic groups and communities who choose not to help him. Finally, a Samaritan who is not as prominent and has…
Margret Sumerville defines Euthanasia– Euthanasia is a deliberate act that causes death undertaken by one person with the primary intention of ending the life of another person, in order to relieve that persons suffering. Three types of Euthanasia: Voluntary : -a person asks that his or her life be terminated as an act of mercy.…
Two types of reasoning: Deductive reasoning – reasoning from a general principle to a specific case Basis of formal mathematics and logic Viewed as stronger and more valid reasoning because conclusion cannot be false if premises are true Syllogism: If all humans are mortal (first premise), and Socrates is a human (second premise), then Socrates…
Language: History and Structure Language – a system of symbols and rules for combining these symbols in ways that can produce an almost infinite number of possible messages and meanings Three critical properties of language: Symbolic: Uses sounds, written signs, or gestures to refer to objects, events, ideas, and feelings Displacement – capacity of language…
Memory – processes that allow us to record and later retrieve experiences and information Memory as Information Processing Encoding – getting information into the system by translating into a neural code that your brain processes Storage – retaining information over time Retrieval – the process of accessing information in long term memory Three-Component Model Three…
Learning – process by which experience produces a relatively enduring change in an organism’s behaviour or capabilities Adapting to the Environment Behaviourists focus on how organisms learn, examining the processes by which the experience influences behaviour Ethology focuses on the functions of behaviour Adaptive significance – how behaviour influences an organism’s chances for survival Fixed…
Consciousness – our moment to moment awareness of ourselves and our environment Has various characteristics: Subjective and Private – reality and experience depend on the individual Dynamic – consciousness experiences are ever-changing and a continuous flow of mental activity Self-reflective and Central to Our Sense of Self – mind is aware of its own consciousness…
Sensation – the stimulus-detection process by which our sense organs respond to and translate environmental stimuli into nerve impulses that are sent to the brain Perception – active process of organizing the stimulus input and giving it meaning Sensory Processes Stimulus detection – absolute threshold designated as the lowest intensity at which a stimulus can…