Psychology = The scientific study of behaviour and the factors that influence it. Taking into account Biological, Individual and Environmental factors. Basic and Applied Science Two types of research: Basic research: Knowledge gained purely for its own sake. The goals are to describe how people behave and to identify factors that influence it. Research maybe…
Descriptive Statistics: Summarizes and describes characteristics of a set of scores for a group Frequency Distribution: # of people who received each score Histogram: frequency distribution turned into a graph. The measure of central tendency: mean (average), median (middle), mode (most often) The measure of variability: provide info about the spread of scores (i.e range)…
Key scientific attitudes: Curiosity, skepticism, open-mindedness Hindsight: explaining behavior after the fact (problem: multiple conflicting outcomes and explanations for results) Use Scientific Process with variables and factual observations Scientific Process: Formulate a question based on observed events Formulate a tentative explanation for why those event transpired (hypothesis) Conduct research to test it Analyze research and…
There are many ways to travel responsibly and still have fun! Here are some good tips to be a responsible traveller: Don’t always go for the pre-packaged vacation – it is convenient, but much of your money spent goes to big companies, rather than to support the local economy of the place you are visiting.…
PERSONAL Curiosity, desire to learn about an area, enhance self esteem, stress relief (need to get away), improve health, recreation Ex. Weekend Getaway ENVIRONMENTAL Desire to experience different landscapes, check out different types of wildlife, enjoy outdoor experiences Ex. Safari CULTURAL Desire to explore art, history, food, religion, language, etc., may be something from your…
Cognitive design is defined as the crafted impact a piece of writing has on its audience. Central to this design are the subject and theme of the work. The subject is what the work is about. The theme is the attitude the author has taken toward the subject or the perspective on that subject. This…
Definition An eating disorder characterized by massive food binges followed by purging or other compensating behaviours to try and rid the body of unwanted calories. Characteristics Uncontrollable eating in excess followed by self-induced vomiting or misuse of diuretics and laxatives, fasting or excessive exercise to avoid weight gain. Feelings of guilt and shame, which lead…
Definition An eating disorder characterized by massive food binges (similar to Bulimia Nervosa) without the purging or other compensating behaviours. Characteristics Periods of eating compulsively and consuming large quantities of food until the individual is uncomfortably full, followed by feelings of guilt and shame which lead to secretive eating. Use food as a way to…
The diet business is fat and healthy. Anyone who swigs diet soda, works out regularly or subsists on fat-free food, is feeding this multi-billion dollar industry. Annual diet industry revenues have grown from an estimated $100 million in the 1950s to $50 billion in the 1990s. The industry encompasses all products and services that claim…
Practice Healthy Eating Habits One of the good points about many of the popular low carbohydrate diets is that they draw attention to the quality of the carbohydrates that we’re eating. Most Americans are choosing lots of refined, sugary, calorie-rich (but nutrient-poor) carbohydrates like soda, candy, white bread products, white rice, and processed french fried…
VERBAL-COGNITIVE STAGE The task is completely new to the learner First problem: verbal and cognitive -identify the goal -evaluate performance -look at the what, when, and how of the skill -figure out what to do and generate an attempt -self talk: demands a lot of attention which prevents processing of simultaneous activities What can help…
Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979) Socialist philosopher and German-Jew that fled World War II Germany and immigrated to the USA Wrote One-Dimensional Man to explain why widespread communist revolution had not happened One-Dimensional Man (1964) Capitalism uses advertising, consumerism, mass media, entertainment industry as a means of social control- produces conformity in what people desire, think Created…
The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on…a fight that each time ended either in a revolutionary reconstruction of society at large…
Conservatism is a preference for the historically inherited rather than the abstract and ideal. Believes society should be rooted in long-standing traditions and its institutions should reflect those traditions Why conservatives believe this: Movement began as a response to the French Revolution (1789)- people of France replaced monarchy with new forms of gov’t, resulting in…
Philosophy is… …Seeking after wisdom or knowledge, esp. that which deals with ultimate reality, or with the most general causes or principles of things and ideas and human perception and knowledge of them, physical phenomena (natural philosophy) and ethics (moral philosophy)- Concise Oxford Dictionary …An activity- the attempt to understand the general principles and ideas…
Existentialism: a philosophical movement that focuses on individual autonomy and the necessity of making reasoned decisions for oneself. Jean-Paul Sartre, (1905-1980) French author and philosopher Best-known proponent of humanistic existentialism A Marxist advocate of political causes French resistance fighter of WWII Winner of the Nobel Prize for literature Sartre was an atheist who believed that…
Nietzsche attacked traditional ethical theories, especially those rooted in religion. He rejected the view that people are ultimately accountable only to God. He did so because he believed that human life had no moral purpose except for the meaning that human beings gave it. Nietzsche was extremely critical of most traditional ethics. He called Utilitarianism…
Ethical Relativism: there are no common, universal, or objective values. Moral values are developed by individual peoples, groups, or cultures to fit their unique conditions. Relativists say that all moral rules are equally acceptable, because there is no way of judging between them. They do believe in moral right and wrong, but they do not…
Correspondence Theory Best known, most widely used conception of truth Maintains there is a relationship (correspondence) between people’s internal beliefs and realities in the external world (truth means agreement between thought and reality) Belief is true if it agrees with fact or coincides with the physical world or objective reality Truth claims should be checked…
Born in Scotland (1711-1776) Adopted and refined some of Locke’s theories In addition to philosophy, was a historian and essayist Some call him “the most important philosopher ever to write in English” Hume’s Answer to the Quarter Experiment: When you are observing something, like a quarter, for instance, you are not observing the quarter but…