Tools and Science of Archaeology

Archaeologists are basically detectives who attempt to reconstruct past human activities from evidence most of which is buried in the earth.  Archaeology involves experts from many other fields. Even the science of archaeology, commonly divided into prehistoric and historical can be further divided into various fields: paleolithic, Egyptology, classical, industrial, environmental, underwater, salvage, and experimental…

Earliest Civilization: the Fertile Crescent & Mesopotamia

Categorized as the earliest of all civilizations as people formed permanent settlements Mesopotamia is a Greek word that means “between the rivers” Specifically, the area between the Tigris River and Euphrates River (present day Iraq) Mesopotamia is not within the “Fertile crescent“, it is in the more desert area that the “Fertile crescent” arcs around…

Power, Economy, Political, Religion during the Renaissance

Power, Economy, Political, Religion during the Renaissance Global balance of power: Expansion, Wars, Migration Economy Political Religion/Cosmology ———————————————————————————————— 1. Expansion, Wars & Migration ▪Largest Empire after the fall of Rome was the Islamic Empire. ▪Under the leadership of Dynastic Arab & Turkish families, Islam (originating in Saudi Arabia) spread from Spain to India by the…

Confederation in Canada: History and Contributions

Confederation Day July 1, 1867 – Canada first became a nation – BNA Act 4 British colonies joined to form the new Dominion of Canada Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia & New Brunswick (population = 3 million) John A. McDonald sworn in as Canada’s first prime minister The Twentieth Century (1900-1913) Some colonies rejected confederation –           …

Foundations to 600 CE Trade Routes and their Connections

Route: Indian Ocean Advantages: Changeable, predictable monsoon wids lead to reliable schedules; great variety and amound of goods can be carried via ship (emporium trading); seaborne trade usually faster than land routes Geographical Scope: East Africa, Arabia, Inida, S.E. Asia; canal between Red Sea and Nile would eventually connect Mediterranean Commerce: Aromatic (incense), spices, gold,…

Political and State Power in Great River Valley Societies

State Leader & Symbolic Role Method of Unification Ruler’s Means of Control Egypt Pharoh (herdsman) sometimes functions as god. Organizing labor to manage floods; distribution of food; use of Nile River as highway to unify, control. Pharaoh’s commands, policies function as law, regarded as devine. Mesopotamia city-states King/Royals, mediate, lead, worship, receive oracles. Organizing labor;…