Objective: The purpose of this lab is to investigate the relationship between the speed of an object in uniform circular motion (UCM) and the centripetal force (FC) on it. This direct correlation will be calculated by determining our values for how long it may take for any given weight to undergo 20 cycles. Using this…
Research Question: What are some of the properties of ionic compounds? Background: Ionic compounds are formed from a crystal lattice, a cation ionically bonded with anion in an alternating three-dimensional pattern, whose bond strength determines the compound’s properties. Ionic crystals have high melting and boiling points. They conduct electricity when dissolved in water or melted.…
Background Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a high-concentration region to a low-concentration region (Guyton and Hall, 2021). Only the free water molecules in the solution can move; the solute molecules remain stationary (Raven, Johnson, and Mason, 2014). Osmosis continues until the concentration of water molecules on either side of the membrane reaches…
Model 1: What impact does temperature have on NH4CL solubility in water? Model 2: How will changing the limiting reactant impact the procedure’s outcome? Model 3: How does the number of intermediates involved in the reaction affect the accuracy of Hess’s Law’s prediction of the enthalpy change of a chemical reaction? Introduction Three different experiments…
PURPOSE The purpose of the experiment is to validate the lens equation and the magnification equation by measuring the image distance from a fixed focal length and the object distance from the thin lens using concave and convex lenses. QUESTION How does an object’s image position and size (magnification) vary with different object distances from…
Foreword This laboratory involves the use of an enzyme that will react with hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme is catalase, and the substrate is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The reaction is as follows: catalase 2H2O2 2H2O + O2 Ingested hydrogen peroxide is a poison, while external use of this substance is not. However, the generation of oxygen…
Permeability of a cell to solutes in an aqueous solution depends upon the physical and chemical make-up of the membrane. The maintenance of the living cell depends upon the continued presence and functioning of a selectively permeable membrane. If the nature of the membrane is altered in any way, this may affect it’s permeability and…
PURPOSE The purpose of this lab is to quantitatively investigate how the mass of a coil spring and the length of a pendulum affect the period of oscillation of a system experiencing simple harmonic motion. In this lab, I will establish a mathematical connection between the period and these variables through the execution of this…
Introduction: Unless you’re a coin collector, you probably think all United States pennies are pretty much the same. To the casual observer, all the pennies in circulation do seem to be identical in size, thickness, and composition. But just as elements have one or more isotopes with different masses, the pennies in circulation have different…
In this experiment, you will determine the mass percent of carbon produced in the decomposition of sodium bicarbonate produced from the following chemical equation: Reacting sodium bicarbonate (sodium hydrogen carbonate) with sulfuric acid will produce a salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas. According to the Law of Definite Composition, the mass percentage of carbon produced…
Purpose: To find the specific heat capacity of a substance Principle: According to the principle of thermal energy exchange, when thermal energy is transferred from a warmer object to a colder object, the amount of thermal energy released by the warmer object is equal to the amount of thermal energy absorbed by the colder object.…
Comparing the refractive index of a medium with its critical angle PURPOSE This lab was conducted to prove a relationship between the critical angle and index of refraction of a ray of light passing through a denser medium to air. QUESTION How does the critical angle vary across media with different refractive indices? BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE…
Introduction Catalysis is the acceleration of a chemical reaction by a substance called a catalyst. Enzymes increase the reaction rate, causing the reaction to make more product. Proteins are large, complex molecules composed of chains of amino acids. The three-dimensional structure of a protein is critical to its function, as it determines how the protein…
Abstract: The Law of Conservation of Mass is an important principle to the scientific community and the world of chemistry. The objective of this lab was to verify if this law holds true. This law is beneficial in chemistry as it allows us to predict the final products of a chemical reaction. In this lab,…
Purpose To understand the nature of projectile motion launched horizontally as well as launched at an angle. Introduction In horizontally launched projectiles, vertical velocity Vy is zero and g is 9.8 m/s2. If we know the vertical height of the launching position d, we can calculate time of flight using the equation d = Vyt…
Method A: Clinometer Measurements and Calculations: Procedure 1. Choose a tree and stand at a distance away from the tree where the top of the tree can be seen 2. Direct Clinometer towards the top of the Tree from the height of the eye 3. Record the angle observed while staying stationary from the…
Data Table Material Mass (g) Empty labelled beaker 108.43g Copper (II) chloride dihydrate; CuCl2 · 2H2O 4.98g Iron (steel wool); Fe (s) 1.02g Beaker containing clean, dry copper 110.02g Analysis a. Identify the precipitate that was formed in the reaction : Fe (s) + CuCl2 (aq) → Cu (s) +…
Purpose: To critically explore how osmosis occurs within a semi-permeable membrane with a variety of concentrations of sugar solutions. Hypothesis: If the 20% concentrated sucrose solution is placed in distilled water, then the weight of the dialysis bag will increase because the fluid within the dialysis bag is hypertonic to the environment. Thus, they will…
INTRODUCTION Sodium polymethacrylate is an example of a condensation polymer. On its own, it is tightly wound and appears like a granule of sugar. The monomer of sodium polymethacrylate is shown below. When water is added, the polymethacrylate will absorb the water through osmosis. As a result, hydrogen bonds with the oxygen in water. As…
Introduction This lab is an experiment involving thermodynamics that aims to determine the enthalpy change of a chemical reaction through calorimetry. Enthalpy is a thermodynamic quantity that is related to the amount of heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction. Hess’s law is based on the principle that the enthalpy change of a chemical…