Of what two gases was Earth’s first atmosphere primarily composed? diatomic nitrogen, carbon dioxide What are the percentages of Earth’s three most abundant constant (non-variable) gases in the atmosphere? nitrogen (78.08%), diatomic oxygen (20.95%), argon (0.93%) What are the variable gas within Earth’s atmosphere? water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen, nitrous oxide,…
Water has many unique characteristics which make life possible on earth and support it. One of these properties is water’s high specific heat, or water’s ability to resist changing temperatures. In terms of water’s chemical nature this is possible because of the large amount of energy which would be needed to break the hydrogen bonds…
During the late 1890s the creation of the quantum mechanics and Einstein’s Relativity beckoned a new age in physics: modern physics. The terminology of modern physics refers to any branch of physics, such as nuclear physics or electromagnetism, which was developed in the early twentieth century or older branches that were greatly influenced by twentieth…
The use of electricity is a relatively new discovery when considering the history of mankind. Its use became particularly popular in the experiments conducted by Thomas Edison when he created the first electric light bulb. The light bulb featured the use of a direct current which moved the electrons in one continuous direction. The use…
The extinction of species has been an ongoing cycle since life first formed on Earth. Some species have died out through natural selection, meaning they were unable to adapt quickly enough to the changing environment. Others have been plucked from existence by humanity’s work, whether it be by over-hunting, habitat destruction, or other means. Whatever…
Genetic Privacy laws exists to prevent the abuse of genetic information. It is understood that these laws were created specifically to prohibit health insurance companies, employers and housing agencies from using genetic data to discriminate against citizens. Genetic discrimination can be described as the unfair treatment of individuals by employers/insurance companies based on gene mutations…
Introduction: This experiment explored how aerobic respiration from exercise affects a basic solution and its transition to an acid. More energy is used during exercise, more oxygen is required in the human body to fuel cellular respiration. Cellular respiration produces energy in the form of ATP and releases CO2 as a byproduct. It’s equation is…
Introduction The purpose of the lab was to find which metal is the most reactive and which metal is the least reactive. It was known before the experiment that the metals used in the experiment are placed in the activity series from most active to least active as follows: magnesium, aluminum, zinc, and copper. The…
Introduction This study focused on an object in motion with uniform acceleration. Using the Motion Encoder System and LoggerPro, the position, velocity, and time were taken and analyzed with the goal to determine linear and quadratic acceleration. Interpreting the graphs allowed the discovery of the effect of acceleration due to Earth’s gravity. This was represented…
Introduction This lab will answer whether or not initial speed affects the time that a projectile is in the air. Also, it will be determined if there is a direct relationship or not between initial speed and time. Experimental Procedure Set the values to the following: Angle – Zero degrees Initial Speed – 10m/s Mass…
1.0 Background: A breakthrough scientific experiment conducted by ‘Carnegie Science’ found that soil salinity considerably affects the growth rate in plants. The experiment found how plants create Abscisic Acid as a stress hormone when the endodermis is exposed to drought or saline environments. “The endodermis also acts as a guard, with Abscisic Acid, to prevent…
As the population grows at an exponential rate, feeding the world’s people is becoming an increasingly important field of scientific concern. Projections predict that population will grow more than 2 billion by 2050. This rapid growth cannot be sustained in definitely and will be either at the expense of a lower lifestyle quality or dramatically…
Cloning, a reproductive process resulting in two or more identical copies of organisms is a relatively new field of inquiry, making genetically identical organisms artificially. Within the world of science, there are two categories of cloning, natural cloning such as identical twins, and artificial cloning which is a clone produced by artificial means. There are…
Introduction: Our group had done 3 data sets for the same experiment process, and had recorded 3 groups of data. The aim of experiments was to determine the percentage of water in hydrated Ca(NO3)2. We obtained the percentages through experimental procedures of reacting Ca(NO3)2 with Na2CO3 , filtrating and drying CaCO3. The chemical equation of…
(a). Define Atomic radius? Ans. The distance from the centre of the atom to the outermost electrons is called the Atomic radius. (b) State and explain the trends in the atomic radius for the period and a group. Ans. As you move across a period the atomic radius decreases except for the noble gases, because…
OBJECTIVES To understand how a potential difference (voltage) can cause an electric current flow through a conductor. To understand the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a DC circuit. To explain the physics behind the different current readings across the circuit. THEORY Direct Current (DC) is the constant flow of electric charge from high…
Chapter One Matter is anything that takes up space. Solids and liquids are incompressible. Gases are highly compressible. Gas refers to a substance that is a gas at room temperature; vapor refers to the gas form of a solid/liquid substance. Chapter Three Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed without changing composition. Extensive properties…
Introduction: Fatty acids are long chains of hydrocarbons with COOH groups, or carboxyl groups. Fatty acids are further classified as either saturated or unsaturated based on the type of bonds present. Unsaturated fatty acids contain multiple bonds in addition to single bonds, they are likely to exist as liquids at room temperature. Oils are mixtures…
Problem: Yeasts undergo aerobic cell respiration if there is sufficient oxygen and releases carbon dioxide as a waste product. Yeasts, like any other cells, have an optimum temperature at which they work most efficiently, including the process of cell respiration. This experiment aims to discover the relation between temperature and the carbon dioxide yield of…
The genetic code for a protein is defined as degenerate because there is more than 1 codon that can code for an amino acid. Codon bias is the probability that a given codon will be used to code for an amino acid over a synonymous codon. This report will be exploring codon bias for Arginine…