The earth, its relation to the stars and planets, and speculations as to its origin attracted human curiosity long before the birth of the geological sciences. Although such studies fall more properly within the realm of astronomy,’ a brief survey of the earth and its planetary relations will provide the reader with some understanding of…
The earth is but one of nine planets which make up our solar system. But to humans Earth is by far the most important of all planets, for it is our home. It is also, so far as we know, the only planet which supports any type of life. Whence came the earth? How and…
The earth consists of air, water, and land. We recognize these more technically as the atmosphere, a gaseous envelope surrounding the earth; the hydrosphere, the waters filling the depressions and covering almost 71 percent of the earth; and the lithosphere, the solid part of the earth which underlies the atmosphere and hydrosphere. The Atmosphere. The…
THE LITHOSPHERE The part of the earth that is made up of rocks and minerals, consists of the uppermost layers of the earth Came into being billions of years ago and still continues to change and evolve Changes to the worlds land masses, tectonic plates Volcanoes, earthquakes THE HYDROSPHERE The part of the earth made…
What is light? A form of energy that the Sun emits in all directions Properties of Light Light travels in straight lines: Light travels VERY FAST – around 300,000, 000 metres per second. (3.0 x 108 m/s) Light travels much faster than sound. For example: Light energy is transferred through radiation RADIATION A method of…
Geocentric view: Earth-centered view. (600BC – 150 AD) Came from the belief that God created humans at center and everything moved in perfect divine circles. Earth was a sphere that remained motionless at center of the universe Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn orbited earth in circles Stars traveled around the earth on…
A material that lets electrons flow through it is called a CONDUCTOR The molecules of all types of conductors resist the flow of electrons to some degree ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE is a measure of how easy or hard it is for electric current to move through a material Conductors have low resistance Insulators have high resistance…
Energy can be defined as the ability to do work. Electrons possess energy and this energy can be converted to another form to do work (make a lightbulb shine, motor run, etc). This energy is called electric potential energy. Definitions: Electric potential energy: energy that the battery gives to the electrons; the amount of energy…
There are four major types of industry in Canada/USA/Europe. Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary. Primary Industries Industries that take in raw materials from the natural environment. Also known as extractive industries. (known as primary because extraction, or removal of natural resources must happen before anything else can be made. Everything comes from the earth) Primary…
80 % of Canadians live in cities cities are broken up into 6 major land-use groups – residential, transportation, institutional and public buildings, open space and recreational land, industrial, and commercial Residential Land Use Where people live includes low (houses), medium (town houses) and high density (apartment buildings) Takes up 40% of land in cities…
The Norse had explored and wintered in North America some 500 years before Giovanni Caboto, a Genoese explorer whom the British called John Cabot, rediscovered the land in 1497. Although Cabot failed to find a northern route to the rich spice trade in Asia, he returned with tales of an ocean teeming with cod and…
Population distribution – the pattern of where people live in a region, or across the country. There are 2 main patterns, dispersed and concentrated Two main catgories of settlement in Canada. Rural ,and Urban Rural – outside of cities and towns, low population density, dispersed settlement pattern Three factors affect pattern of rural settlement 1.…
FOUR MAIN PARTS TO SOIL 1. Minerals – comes from the weathering (chemical, physical) of the parent material. The inorganic material in soil is made up of rock material mainly. It can be sand, silt or clay. The particles in each of these rock types are ordered from larger to smaller with sand being the…
Layers of rocks can be faulted, folded and tilted by large forces within the Earth’s crust. The study of these changes can give information about the strength and direction of the forces involved. Sedimentary rocks – layers of rock fragments that were compressed and cemented together. They often contain fossils. Igneous rocks – molten rock…
Definition: Continental Drift It is the theory that the earth’s continents are constantly in motion and at one time they all collided together to form one massive continent about 300 million years ago! Pangaea (meaning “all lands”) began to break up and drift apart. Founder of the Continental Drift Theory Alfred Wegener came up with…
TRADITIONAL DOCUMENTARY Covers a person or event from the past. It uses only voiceover narration and a combination of archival media and created media (still images and video). It does not use interviews. TRADITIONAL DOCUMENTARIES WITH INTERVIEWS As above but with the addition of interviews to document the topic. CINEMA VERITE Covers present day events…
Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979) Socialist philosopher and German-Jew that fled World War II Germany and immigrated to the USA Wrote One-Dimensional Man to explain why widespread communist revolution had not happened One-Dimensional Man (1964) Capitalism uses advertising, consumerism, mass media, entertainment industry as a means of social control- produces conformity in what people desire, think Created…
The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on…a fight that each time ended either in a revolutionary reconstruction of society at large…
Conservatism is a preference for the historically inherited rather than the abstract and ideal. Believes society should be rooted in long-standing traditions and its institutions should reflect those traditions Why conservatives believe this: Movement began as a response to the French Revolution (1789)- people of France replaced monarchy with new forms of gov’t, resulting in…
Ideas laid out in The Republic (380 BCE) Individual human beings are not self-sufficient- can’t acquire all necessities of life working alone Thus, form communities in which we work for common goals Goals better achieved if each person specializes in a specific role (farmer, carpenter, merchant etc.)- Each person should ONLY perform task for which…
