NUTRITION The study of the nutrients in foods and of the body’s handling of them. This includes ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, metabolism, interaction, storage, and excretion. FOOD Material containing nutrients taken into the body for the maintenance of life and the growth and repair of tissues. NUTRIENTS Substances obtained from food and used in the…
THE PRINCIPLE OF INDIVIDUALITY (aka INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES) Any training program must take into account the specific needs and abilities of the individuals for whom it is designed -we are not created equal with respect to adapting to exercise training -heredity plays a major role; except for identical twins, no 2 people have the same genetic…
The study of the mechanisms by which the body functions Anatomy was the forerunner of physiology Study how our organ systems, tissues, cells, and molecules within cells work and how their functions are integrated to regulate our internal environments Exercise physiology The study of how our bodies’ structures and functions are altered when we are…
Up until the age of 12 to 14 (approximately the stage of puberty) boys and girls do not differ significantly in height, weight, girth, bone width, or skinfold thickness. PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO ACUTE EXERCISE Neuromuscular responses Females: 40-60% weaker in the upper body 25-30% weaker in the lower body 5-15% weaker in lower body strength…
For human beings, the more we perform almost any skill, the better we become at it. In addition, as we physically grow and develop, our ability to master increasingly complicated skills is enhanced. Motor Learning the process by which a person develops, through a combination of physical and psychological factors, the ability to perform a…
VERBAL-COGNITIVE STAGE The task is completely new to the learner First problem: verbal and cognitive -identify the goal -evaluate performance -look at the what, when, and how of the skill -figure out what to do and generate an attempt -self talk: demands a lot of attention which prevents processing of simultaneous activities What can help…
Pre-Revolutionary Russia Up until 1905, Czar Nicolas II had managed to contain the forces of change The failure of Russia in the Russo-Japanese war increased the general desire for reform Bloody Saturday in 1905 only led to more protests in both the cities and the countryside With the army tied up fighting the Japanese, the…
Imperialism In The Nineteenth Century A significant shift occurred in the second half of the nineteenth century. After 1870 and even more dramatically after 1885, there was a remarkable increase in the European acquisition of colonial territories in the South Pacific, Asia, and Africa In 1870, about 10% of Africa had been colonized, whereas by…
The Rise of the Nation-State Political leaders driven to consolidate power By 1871 the process of consolidation and unification had created modern Germany and Italy, altering the balance of power The struggle between states for land and wealth occurred primarily outside Europe through imperialism The process of expanding a nation’s territory through the acquisition of…
The social changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution were significant The Industrial Revolution brought with it an increase in population and urbanization, as well as new social classes The poor living conditions in the towns can be traced to: Lack of good brick, the absence of building codes, and the lack of machinery for…
The introduction of liberalism in the 18th century meant a new age in British politics, which continued through the Industrial Revolution Gladstone (Liberal) and Disraeli (Conservative) were two of the most influential political leaders of the late Industrial Revolution Both advocated reform of social structure; as a result, some of the more productive governments came…
Industrial Revolution, a term usually applied to the social and economic changes that mark the transition from a stable agricultural and commercial society to a modern industrial society relying on complex machinery rather than tools. Dramatic changes in the social and economic structure took place as inventions and technological innovations created the factory system of…
POETRY A type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a specific form (usually using lines and stanzas) POET The poet is the author of the poem. SPEAKER The speaker of the poem is the “narrator” of the poem. POETRY FORM FORM – the appearance of the words on the page…
The Elements Include: Plot Symbolism Character Theme Setting Irony Point of View Tone and Style PLOT An author’s selection and arrangement of incidents in a story shape the action and give the story a particular focus. Discussions of the plot include not just what happens, but also how and why things happen the way they…
A literary essay analyzes literature A literary essay must be primarily analytical It doesn’t just say what happened (this is simply plot summary and belongs in a book report, not an essay) It doesn’t just say what the theme is but explains how the writer conveys the theme It doesn’t just give examples of something…
Written by William Shakespeare in 1605 Macbeth is a man who overthrows the rightful King of Scotland Shakespeare wrote Macbeth at the beginning of King James I reign Before James succeeded Elizabeth I he was king of Scotland Placing the play in James’ homeland probably pleased him Will the real Macbeth please stand up? Macbeth…
The earth, its relation to the stars and planets, and speculations as to its origin attracted human curiosity long before the birth of the geological sciences. Although such studies fall more properly within the realm of astronomy,’ a brief survey of the earth and its planetary relations will provide the reader with some understanding of…
The earth is but one of nine planets which make up our solar system. But to humans Earth is by far the most important of all planets, for it is our home. It is also, so far as we know, the only planet which supports any type of life. Whence came the earth? How and…
The earth consists of air, water, and land. We recognize these more technically as the atmosphere, a gaseous envelope surrounding the earth; the hydrosphere, the waters filling the depressions and covering almost 71 percent of the earth; and the lithosphere, the solid part of the earth which underlies the atmosphere and hydrosphere. The Atmosphere. The…
THE LITHOSPHERE The part of the earth that is made up of rocks and minerals, consists of the uppermost layers of the earth Came into being billions of years ago and still continues to change and evolve Changes to the worlds land masses, tectonic plates Volcanoes, earthquakes THE HYDROSPHERE The part of the earth made…