First Amendment – Establishment Clause, Free Exercise Clause; freedom of speech, of the press, and of assembly; right to petition. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble,…
Route: Indian Ocean Advantages: Changeable, predictable monsoon wids lead to reliable schedules; great variety and amound of goods can be carried via ship (emporium trading); seaborne trade usually faster than land routes Geographical Scope: East Africa, Arabia, Inida, S.E. Asia; canal between Red Sea and Nile would eventually connect Mediterranean Commerce: Aromatic (incense), spices, gold,…
DEFINITION: Identifying Point of View (POV) is an attempt at establishing an author’s bias and/or motivation within a primary source. Clarifying an author’s logic in his/her opinions is a form of high level analysis. SOME METHODS OF IDENTIFYING POINT OF VIEW: Political ideology, Class, Race, Religion, Nationality, Profession, Gender POV is NOT: An author’s opinion.…
State Leader & Symbolic Role Method of Unification Ruler’s Means of Control Egypt Pharoh (herdsman) sometimes functions as god. Organizing labor to manage floods; distribution of food; use of Nile River as highway to unify, control. Pharaoh’s commands, policies function as law, regarded as devine. Mesopotamia city-states King/Royals, mediate, lead, worship, receive oracles. Organizing labor;…
Niche An organism’s ecological ROLE in the environment (NOT HABITAT!) All components of lifestyle and how they affect other organisms Three Types of Symbiosis Mutualism both species benefit Commensalism one species benefits, the other is unaffected Parasitism one species benefits, the other is harmed Lichen Lichen is really two organisms: algae and fungus. The fungus…
Characteristics of Life Living things are organized. Living things are made up of cells. Living things metabolize. Living things maintain an internal environment. Living things grow. Living things respond. Living things reproduce. Living things evolve. Seven Levels of Taxonomic Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Kingdom Animalia Characteristics All animals are multicellular, eukaryotic…
Mycology Myco- = fungus -ology= study of General Characteristics of Fungi: Eukaryotic Decomposers – the best recyclers around No chlorophyll – non photosynthetic Most multicellular (hyphae) – some unicellular (yeast) Non-motile Cell walls made of chitin (kite-in) instead of cellulose like that of a plant Are more related to animals than plant kingdom Lack true…
The largest animal phylum- 1 million species of crabs, shrimp, spiders, scorpions and insects make up this phylum Have jointed appendages; segmented bodies Exoskeletons made of chitin Molt; have heads with many sensory organs. Bilateral Simple and complex eyes that detect only light intensity and form images Antennae that smell chemical substances in the environment…
Introduction: Surface tension refers to water’s ability to “stick to itself”, due to the forces of cohesion. Surface tension can be measured and observed by dropping water (drop by drop) onto a penny. The number of water drops that can fit on a penny will surprise you. Initial Observation: Observe surface tension by seeing how…
Ask yourself: Do I use complete sentences? Do I use any form at all? Are my notes clear or confusing? Do I capture the main points and all sub-points? Do I streamline using symbols, abbreviations, and shortcuts? 6 Important Reasons to Take Notes It helps you to concentrate in class. It helps you prepare for…
Background: As members of the class Amphibia, frogs may live some of their adult lives on land, but they must return to water to reproduce. Eggs are laid and fertilized in water. On the outside of the frog’s head are two external nares, or nostrils; two tympani (tympanic membranes), or eardrums; and two eyes, each…
Introduction: Insects are arthropods with jointed appendages, segmented bodies, and an exoskeleton composed of chitin. Insects are in the class Insecta, & are the largest and most diverse group of animals on earth. The genus Romalea is a large grasshopper common in the southeastern United States. Insects have three body regions (head, thorax, & abdomen),…
SPECIES EXTINCTION Species can become extinct: Locally: A species is no longer found in an area it once inhabited but is still found elsewhere in the world. Ecologically: Occurs when so few members of a species are left they no longer play its ecological role. Globally (biologically): Species is no longer found on the earth.…
Introduction The phylum Mollusca includes snails, clams, chitons, slugs, limpets, octopi, and squid. As mollusks develop from a fertilized egg to an adult, most pass through a larval stage called the trocophore. The trocophore is a ciliated, free-swimming stage. Mollusks also have a radula or file-like organ for feeding, a mantle that may secrete a…
Introduction: Echinoderms are radially symmetrical animals that are only found in the sea (there are none on land or in fresh water). Echinoderms mean “spiny skin” in Greek. Many, but not all, echinoderms have spiny skin. There are over 6,000 species. Echinoderms usually have five appendages (arms or rays), but there are some exceptions. Radial…
All living things have DNA: the chemical instructions on how to make a living thing. It can easily be seen with the naked eye when collected from thousands of cells. This simple method allows you to extract DNA from a strawberry and view it. Materials (per group): * 1 Strawberry * 1 Zip-closure sandwich bag…
During the 16th and 17th centuries England was consumed by religious, political, and social upheaval that included a civil war and the beheading of a king. It was a period of extreme violence, fear, and lawlessness. The theory of natural law – that law is based on divine revelation and that it was put in…
In the eighteenth century, the famous British jurist, Sir William Blackstone (1723-1780) pronounced that judges do not make the law, they merely “find” it. This comment represents an attitude toward the law that grew in strength in Britain and the United States in the nineteenth century and persists today, especially in Britain and, to some…
Civil Liberties in the Constitution Civil liberties are constitutional provisions, laws, and practices that protect individuals from governmental interference. Found primarily in the Bill of Rights. They protect us from the government. Civil rights are guarantees by government of equal treatment to all citizens. (The word equality does not appear in the Constitution.) Constitutional liberties…
Labs are performed in groups for data collection purposes only. Your lab report should NOT be the result of shared writing, copying, or cooperative effort. This includes your calculations. You must do this on your own. Remember to cite any references you use and do not copy from the lab sheets into your lab report. GRAPHS MUST…
