NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the ETC Each become oxidized, losing two electrons to the ETC The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Structure Located within the inner mitochondrial membrane Composed of various protein structures arranged in order of increasing electronegativity Ex. weakest electron attractor (NADH dehydrogenase) is at the beginning of the chain and the…
– O2 competes with CO2 for rubisco’s active site – rubisco catalyzes two reactions: 1) addition of carbon to RuBP; forms 2 PGA molecules (photosynthesis) 2) addition of oxygen to RuBP; forms 1 PGA and one glycolate (photorespiration) – photorespiration decreases the production of carbohydrates by removing PGA from the Calvin cycle – glycolate is…
Pancreas: > produces digestive enzymes and hormones > hormone producing cells are in the islets of Langerhans > islets contain beta (produce insulin hormone) and alpha cells (produce glucagon hormone) Insulin: > produced in beta cells > released when blood sugar level increases > cause muscle cells, the liver and other organs, to become permeable…
Carbohydrates are the first nutrient most organisms catabolise for energy, however, living things must metabolize other energy-rich nutrients to obtain energy in times of starvation Protein Catabolism – first digested into amino acids – amino groups are removed (deamination; amino group à ammonia [NH3]) – remaining portion of amino acid converted into various components of…
The quantity of energy associated with the formation of one mole of a substance from its elements (in their standard states). The standard states (at SATP) of most elements is solid, except for the gaseous diatomic molecules, H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2, and the two liquid elements Hg and Br2. These energies can be looked…
The shape of a molecule determines many of its properties; For example: C4H10 is the formula for 2 separate molecules n-butane and isobutene Melting Point -138°C -159°C Boiling Point -0.5°C -12°C Enzymes—shape compatible with those molecules whose reactions they promote i.e. the enzyme sucrase breaks down the sugar molecule sucrose The shape of a…
Chemical reactions only take place when there are collisions between reactants Depends on: Number of collisions per unit time Fraction of collisions which are successful There is a relationship/pattern between reaction rate and the factors that affect it This pattern can only be determined empirically (through experimentation) Rate Law Empirical evidence supports that the reaction…
Enthalpy change is also known as heat of reaction, enthalpy of reaction, change in heat content. Enthalpy = total energy of a system It is impossible to measure the total kinetic and potential energy of a system, so instead we measure enthalpy change (using calorimeters). Enthalpy Change – is the energy absorbed from or released…
During a chemical reaction, reactant bonds need to be broken so that the atoms can rearrange to form the products. The kinetic energy of all the particles (the molecules, compounds, elements, atoms and ions) reacting is responsible for the breaking of these bonds. Remember, the temperature of the particles is a measure of the average…
Bioamplification is the accumulation of toxic pollutants in an animal. Toxins can be removed from the bodies of animals through sweating and urination, but these toxins need to be water soluble. DDT, DDE, PCBs, toxaphene, and the organic forms of mercury and arsenic do biomagnify in nature. These substances are consequently known as ‘persistent organic…
The materials used in building the bodies of living things are limited to the atoms and molecules that make up this planet. To maintain life on Earth, matter must be recycled. Cycling of Organic Matter Living things are constantly cycling matter through their bodies and in ecosystems; break down organic matter and rebuild it. Organic…
Nitrogen is required by living things to: 1. make proteins, become enzymes and make up the structures of living things 2. make nucleic acids that become DNA, the hereditary material of living things – 80% of the air around us is nitrogen gas (N2) but N2 cannot be used by most living things – N2…
All living things are on Earth are carbon based life forms, carbon is the essential element for all living things. On Earth, inorganic carbon (CO2) can be found: 1. in the atmosphere. 2. dissolved in oceans. Organic carbon is found in only one place: 1. as part of the bodies that are living things. Cycling…
Part A: Include 2 completed job applications in your portfolio. Examples: Tim Hortons; City of Brampton; McDonalds; Walmart etc. Part B: Step 1 – FINDING EMPLOYMENT Find a classified job advertisement using any of the following website or any other useful site: www.thestar.ca www.globecareers.com www.canjobs.com www.Candiancareers.com www.jobs.gc.ca www.workopolis.ca Step 2 – ANALYZING THE JOB ADVERTISEMENT…
Provide the employer a list of references upon request. Do not include the reference list when you send your resume or fill in an application. Have your references on a separate piece of paper. Provide the prospective employer with the list of references when they ask for it. Be sure to request permission from your…
-PERSONALITY! This is very important! Chances are this will get you the job over someone with the same qualification. You want to demonstrate that you are a good fit to the organization and the job you are applying for. Always show that you are enthusiastic, positive, and professional. -Show initiative and leadership. In your answer,…
Format: -Use bullet point form: paragraphs are hard to read and will often be overlooked by employers -Make use of the blank space: avoid leaving too much empty spaces around the content of the resume. -Functional Resume is often a good format to cover up inexperience and emphasize on skills. Sometimes your experience may be…
Diction Refers to the choice of words and phrases by a speaker or writer, and includes the formality of the language, as well as the emotional content, the imagery and specificity, and the sounds of the words. Effective diction is situational—there is no one correct way of using language for all situations. An author may…
There is no one way to identify themes in texts. The following are two of the ways one might use to identify themes. One might try to see: Ways in which the main character has changed or what he or she has learned, and the nature of the central conflict. A Thematic Statement should be…
Maximum Heart Rate: Your max heart rate is used as a tool to determine your target heart rate. It is also the maximum your heart should beat during exercise. That is why it is important to monitor your heart rate during exercise! Resting Heart Rate: This is your heart rate when you are at rest. …
