Tutor and Freelance Writer. Science Teacher and Lover of Essays. Article last reviewed: 2022 | St. Rosemary Institution © 2010-2023 | Creative Commons 4.0

Peace Treaties: St. Germain, Trianon, Neuilly, Sevres, Versailles

Treaty of St. Germain Officially signed on September 10, 1919 and came into force on July 16, 1920. The treaty officially registered the breakup of the Habsburg Empire, recognizing the independence of Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, and the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (Yugoslavia) and ceding eastern Galicia, Trento, southern Tirol, Trieste, and Istria.…

League of Nations: Enforcement of Treaties & Sanctions

The secretariat of the League was divided into three main departments dealing with: Economic, financial and transit questions Social and humanitarian problems (health, drug traffic, child welfare, social work, refugees, intellectual collaboration); Legal and administrative questions (registration of international treaties, protection of minorities, mandates, slavery). The League had four ways to enforce the provisions of…

The Palestinian Problem: YASSER ARAFAT, War in Lebanon, Palestinian Intifada

YASSER  ARAFAT He was born on 24 August 1929 in Cairo, Died in 2004. In 1958 Arafat and his friends founded Al-Fatah, an underground network of secret cells, which in 1959 began to publish a magazine advocating armed struggle against Israel. At the end of 1964 Arafat became a full-time revolutionary, organising Fatah raids into…

The Suez Crisis (1956): Gamal Abdul Nasser & Arab-Israeli War 1967

Leadership of Gamal Abdul Nasser, President of Egypt from 1954 to 1970 Biography Was part of the Free Officers, a group of Egyptian officers plotting to overthrow the Egyptian government (early 1950s) July 1952, he helped overthrow the unpopular government In 1954, Nasser became President: his goal was to give Egypt true sovereignty by freeing…

Korean Wars: Historical Context, Events, Key Figures

Russo-Japanese War in 1904-1905 Japanese established authority over Korean peninsula Koreans fought for independence but the Western blocs did not intervene until the outbreak of war in the Pacific during WWII in 1941 Cairo Conference 1943 – Roosevelt, Churchill and Chiang Kai-노다 declared support to remove the Japanese from Korea “three great powers, mindful of…

Nikita Khrushchev: Cuban Missile Crisis & De-Stalinization

Collective Leadership 1953 After Stalin’s death, the party leaders wanted collective control so that no single leader could again dominate party and government. Following his death in March 1953, the collective leadership that emerged was made up of Malenkov (Soviet Premier), Molotov (Foreign Secretary), Bulganin (Deputy Premier), and Khrushchev (Party Secretary). The immediate problem they…

Battle of Dieppe & Operation Rutter & Operation Jubilee

Location: French Port of Dieppe (northern coast of France) Date: August 19, 1942 Nations involved: USA, Britain, Canada vs. Germany Key Figures: British Chief of Combined Operations – Louis Mountbatten, Canadian Major-General J.H. Roberts, German General Field Marshal– Gerd von Rundstedt Objectives: Allies wanted to test amphibious techniques and gather data on coastal defenses and…

Revolutionary Europe by James D. White Summary

The Roots if the Revolution: The Nationalities. The Russian Empire was “an unwieldy conglomeration of territories inhabited by a nationally variegated population…” (pg 174) By 1914, Russia was composed of 148.4 million people. 43.4% were Russians, 17.5% Ukrainians, 10.6% Turkish speaking people. Some people such as the Fins, Poles and the Jews had a strong…