William completed his Bachelor of Science and Master of Arts in 2013. He current serves as a lecturer, tutor and freelance writer. In his spare time, he enjoys reading, walking his dog and parasailing. Article last reviewed: 2022 | St. Rosemary Institution © 2010-2024 | Creative Commons 4.0

Colley Cibber’s Richard III: Summary & Analysis

Colley Cibber was a comic actor and playwright with pretensions to tragedy (Colley 17-18). In 1700, he wrote and performed in an altered and slightly abridged version of Shakespeare’s Richard III, which was initially unsuccessful (probably because of overzealous government censorship) (Ashley 52). However, it soon became popular enough to eclipse the Shakespearean original on…

Janet E. Smith’s Fig Leaves and Falsehoods: Summary & Analysis

In “Fig Leaves and Falsehoods,” Janet E. Smith argues against the consensus view of Catholic moralists who, following Aquinas, regard all deceptive speech as morally wrong.  She maintains that Aquinas’s view depends on an overly limited view of the purpose of speech, a view based on a prelapsarian order of things and neglectful of the…

Art Perspective: Creating the Illusion of Depth on a 2D Surface

Artistic Devices1. Position on the format 2. Diminishing size 3. Aerial perspective 4. Overlapping 5. Transparency 6. Linear perspective Position on the format:-Objects placed at the bottom of the page appear closer than objects at the top of the page. Diminishing size:-Smaller objects appear further away from the larger objects. Aerial perspective:-Objects in the distance…

Numerology: Lucky & Unlucky Numbers

Numerology: Understanding Lucky and Unlucky Numbers Numerology is the study of the mystical relationship between numbers and events or characteristics in the world. Throughout history, various civilizations have attributed special significance to certain numbers, considering some as lucky numbers and others as unlucky numbers. This fascinating field explores how numbers can influence our lives, beliefs,…

Politics and the Ancient Olympics & Athletics

The Ancient Olympic games brought the polis together for communication and socializing Halted conflict & wars However due to branding of athletes to their specific city states, this created competition and rivalry between city-states Lists were kept of the polis with most victories Athletes would sometimes be hired by cities to represent them (I.e Astylos,…

Ancient Roman: Boxing, Wrestling, Pankration

Greek games were never fully integrated into Roman festival games (i.e ludi and munera) Roman practiced many athletics; running, wrestling, boxing, acrobatic riding, chariot racing (especially from the influence of their Etruscan neighbors) Roman was originally skeptical of nudity, but soon became the norm Most of the roman sports had origins in forms, terminology to…

Ancient Greek Athletic Gymnasion & Education

Athletes trained in gymnasion & palaistra (usually collectively referred to as gymnasion) Vitruvius (Roman architect) defined the ideal palaistra as: 1) large central courtyard (open to the sky; surrounded by roofed colonnades) [known as PERISTYLE (surrounded by columns) -> area was used for boxers, wrestlers, pankration Single colonnades found on three sides; double colonnade on…